<i>Leucocytozoon toddi</i>in British sparrowhawks<i>Accipiter nisus</i>: patterns of infection in nestlings

Ashford, R. W.; Green, E.E.; Holmes, P R; Lucas, Albert

doi:10.1080/00222939100770191

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In England, L . toddi is transmitted to adult and nestling Eurasian Sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) primarily at the nest site prior to dispersal of nestlings at about 2 months of age, resulting in a 33% prevalence of infection (Ashford et al 1990(Ashford et al , 1991.…”

Section: Epizootiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…toddi has been shown to cause leucocytozoonosis and mortality in falcons and kestrels in Australia (Raidal et al 1999;Raidal and Jaensch 2000), observations on the effects on raptor populations are limited and indicate that there is no impact. Long-term studies have been conducted on Eurasian Sparrowhawks in England (Ashford et al 1990(Ashford et al , 1991Ashford 1994). No statistical differences were found between the survival rate of infected and uninfected nestlings and adults.…”

Section: Wildlife Population Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leucocytozoonosis

Forrester¹,

Greiner²

2008

Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds

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Section: Epizootiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wildlife Population Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucocytozoonosis

Forrester¹,

Greiner²

2008

Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds

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“…While comparing the prevalences of different parasites, one has to bear in mind that the detectability of the infection is influenced, among other factors, by the prepatent period. The youngest sparrowhawks reported to be infected with Leucocytozoon were about 12 days old (Ashford et al 1991). We detected Leucocytozoon in a 16-day-old sparrowhawk and a 17-day-old buzzard.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Blood Parasite Generamentioning

confidence: 72%

“…nestlings (Martinez-de la Puente et al 2009a, b). The probability of infection of an entire brood with Leucocytozoon was not shown to increase with increasing sparrowhawk brood size (Ashford et al 1991). Although none of the brood size effects was formally statistically significant in our case, the change from a negative effect at the individual level (Table 4) to a positive effect at the brood level (Table 5) was consistent (the effect for Haemoproteus in buzzard was positive in both cases, but its slope increased) and in accordance with the above explanation.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Prevalences In Nestlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on raptors (Falconiformes) have been mostly performed on migrating, captive, or injured birds (Krone et al 2001(Krone et al , 2008Valkiunas 2005;Sehgal et al 2006;Outlaw and Ricklefs 2009), and generally less attention has been paid to breeding populations (Ashford et al , 1991. The studies of factors influencing the prevalences of trypanosomes and haemosporidians in the breeding populations of raptors have several advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosomes and haemosporidia in the buzzard (Buteo buteo) and sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus): factors affecting the prevalence of parasites

et al. 2014

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The prevalences of heteroxenous parasites are influenced by the interplay of three main actors: hosts, vectors, and the parasites themselves. We studied blood protists in the nesting populations of raptors in two different areas of the Czech Republic. Altogether, 788 nestlings and 258 adult Eurasian sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) and 321 nestlings and 86 adult common buzzards (Buteo buteo) were screened for parasites by the microscopic examination of blood smears and by cultivation. We examined the role of shared vectors and parasite phylogenetic relationships on the occurrence of parasites. In different years and hosts, trypanosome prevalence ranged between 1.9 and 87.2 %, that of Leucocytozoon between 1.9 and 100 %, and Haemoproteus between 0 and 72.7 %. Coinfections with Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma, phylogenetically distant parasites but both transmitted by blackflies (Simuliidae), were more frequent than coinfections with Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus, phylogenetically closely related parasites transmitted by different vectors (blackflies and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), respectively). For example, 16.6 % buzzard nestlings were coinfected with Trypanosoma and Leucocytozoon, while only 4.8 % with Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus and 0.3 % with Trypanosoma and Haemoproteus. Nestlings in the same nest tended to have the same infection status. Furthermore, prevalence increased with the age of nestlings and with Julian date, while brood size had only a weak negative/positive effect on prevalence at the individual/brood level. Prevalences in a particular avian host species also varied between study sites and years. All these factors should thus be considered while comparing prevalences from different studies, the impact of vectors being the most important. We conclude that phylogenetically unrelated parasites that share the same vectors tend to have similar distributions within the host populations of two different raptor species.

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Blood parasites in northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) with an emphasis to Leucocytozoon toddi

et al. 2015

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Haemosporidians and trypanosomes of the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) population in the Czech Republic were studied by morphological and molecular methods. Despite the wide distribution of these medium-large birds of prey, virtually nothing is known about their blood parasites. During a 5-year period, altogether 88 nestlings and 15 adults were screened for haemosporidians and trypanosomes by microscopic examination of blood smears and by nested PCR. Both methods revealed consistently higher prevalence of blood protists in adults, Leucocytozoon (80.0 % in adults vs. 13.6 % in nestlings), Haemoproteus (60.0 vs. 2.3 %), Plasmodium (6.7 vs. 0 %), and Trypanosoma (60.0 vs. 2.3 %). Altogether, five haemosporidian lineages were detected by cytochrome b sequencing. Two broadly distributed and host nonspecific lineages, Plasmodium (TURDUS1) and Leucocytozoon (BT2), were detected only sporadically, while three newly described northern goshawk host-specific Leucocytozoon lineages (ACGE01-03) represent the absolute majority of the haemosporidians identified by molecular methods. Our findings support evidences that in falconiform birds the Leucocytozoon toddi group is formed by several host-specific clusters, with Leucocytozoon buteonis in buzzards and Leucocytozoon mathisi in hawks. Between-year comparisons revealed that the infection status of adults remained predominantly unchanged and individuals stayed uninfected or possessed the same parasite lineages; however, two gains and one loss of blood parasite taxa were also recorded.

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Leucocytozoon toddiin British sparrowhawksAccipiter nisus: patterns of infection in nestlings

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Leucocytozoonosis

Leucocytozoonosis

Trypanosomes and haemosporidia in the buzzard (Buteo buteo) and sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus): factors affecting the prevalence of parasites

Blood parasites in northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) with an emphasis to Leucocytozoon toddi

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