Limosilactobacillus fermentum prevents gut-kidney oxidative damage and the rise in blood pressure in male rat offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet

Abstract

Oxidative stress along the gut-kidney axis is a risk factor for developing arterial hypertension in offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet. Considering the antioxidant capacity of probiotic strains, this study evaluated the effects of a daily multistrain formulation with Limosilactobacillus fermentum 139, 263, and 296 on blood pressure (BP), renal function, and oxidative stress and along the gut-kidney axis in male offspring from dams fed a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet during pregnancy and lactation. Dams were fed a diet control or HFHC diet during pregnancy and lactation. At 100 days of age, part of the male offspring from dams fed a HFHC diet received Limosilactobacillus fermentum formulation for 4 weeks (HFHC + Lf) daily. After the 4-week intervention, BP (tail-cuff plethysmography) and urinary and biochemical variables were measured. In addition, malondialdehyde levels, enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense (thiols content) were measured in the colon and renal cortex. Male offspring from dams fed a HFHC had increased blood pressure, impaired renal function, and oxidative stress along the gut-kidney axis. Administration of Limosilactobacillus fermentum reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure levels and alleviated renal function impairment and oxidative stress along the gut-kidney axis in male offspring from dams fed a HFHC diet. Administration of Limosilactobacillus fermentum formulation attenuated programmed hypertension in the HFHC group through oxidative stress modulation along the gut-kidney axis.

Landscapes of gut bacterial and fecal metabolic signatures and their relationship in severe preeclampsia

“…This has been observed in both in vitro and experimental studies, as well as in some clinical trials [ 39 , 40 ]. In the male offspring of female mice fed with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet, the application of fermented Limosilactobacillus fermentum reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure levels, as well as alleviated renal function damage and oxidative stress along the intestinal renal axis [ 41 ]. Furthermore, functional capacity analysis revealed that Limosilactobacillus fermentum was significantly and positively associated with KEGG pathways related to flagellar assembly.…”

Maternal High-Fat Diet Controls Offspring Kidney Health and Disease

“…In rodents, kidney development is roughly from mid-pregnancy to mid-lactation. Table 1 summarizes preclinical studies recording offsprings’ renal outcomes in which maternal high-fat diets were applied during gestation and lactation [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Although maternal obesity is frequently studied using rodents on high-fat diets, it is clear that the programming effects of maternal obesity and high fat consumption on offspring outcomes are different [ 76 ].…”

“…Activation of the classic RAAS through high fat intake can lead to vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, resulting in kidney disease [ 103 , 104 ]. Hypertension in maternal-high-fat-diet-primed offspring coincides with aberrant activation of the classic RAAS, represented by increases in the renal protein level of AT1R and mRNA expression of Agt and Ace [ 64 ].…”

“…Several other early-life interventions have been utilized as reprogramming approaches to prevent maternal-high-fat-diet-primed renal programming (as listed in Table 1 ), covering Limosilactobacillus fermentum [ 64 ], a SIRT1 activator [ 68 ], hydralazine [ 69 ], long-chain inulin [ 70 ], Lactobacillus casei [ 70 ], resveratrol [ 71 ], garlic oil [ 73 ], and an AMPK activator [ 75 ].…”

“…Both have long been acknowledged for their benefits to human health [ 166 , 167 ] and in treating kidney disease [ 168 , 169 ]. Probiotic treatment with Lactobacillus casei [ 70 ] and Limosilactobacillus fermentum [ 64 ] during gestation and lactation averts offspring hypertension programmed by high maternal fat consumption. Additionally, prebiotic treatment with long-chain inulin protected offspring from maternal-high-fat-diet-induced renal programming and was related to an increased abundance of beneficial microbe Lactobacillus species, increased fecal SCAF concentrations, and reduced plasma TMAO levels [ 70 ].…”