Limosilactobacillus reuteri peptidoglycan alleviates aflatoxin B ₁ -induced toxicity through adsorbing toxins and improving growth, antioxidant status, immunity and liver pathological changes in chicks

AFB1 Toxicity in Human Food and Animal Feed Consumption: A Review of Experimental Treatments and Preventive Measures

“…Chicks were fed an AFB1 diet that altered their health status in terms of deterioration of feed intake, blood cell indicators, immunosuppression, and liver steatosis. L. reuteri peptidoglycan supplementation resulted in 64.3-75.9% improvement of absorption efficiency of AFB1, improvement of the average gain, feed conversion ratio, white blood cells count, hemoglobin content, GPx activity, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM and liver changes; weights of immune organs, and NDV-Ab, IBDV-Ab titers [27]. Detoxification of AFB1 is performed by phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes in liver cytosol and microsomes in the bio-activation and detoxification steps mediated by varied hepatic detoxification cytochromes enzymes.…”