Lutzomyia whitmani(Diptera: Psychodidae) as vector ofLeishmania (V.) braziliensisin Paraná state, southern Brazil

Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani s.l . (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939)(Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): geographical distribution and the epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil Mini-review

“…These populations present two basic epidemiological criteria for the incrimination of a vector, namely the presence of a sand fly which is highly anthropophilic, and the coincidental presence of cases of ACL. In this respect, it should be noted that this sand fly species has already been found infected by L. (V.) braziliensis in Ceará, Bahia, and Paraná (Hoch et al 1986, Luz et al 2000. Although epidemiological circuits of ACL have not yet been defined in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, ACL has been registered in all its municipalities, and it is of particular interest that L. whitmani s.l.…”

Ecologia de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani em área urbana do município de Maringá, Paraná

“…16 The high prevalence of this species has been observed in endemic areas of tegumentary leishmaniasis in northern Paraná. 6,11 -16 The infection of L. whitmani by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis that has been proven in the States of Paraná 6 and Ceará 1,8 highlights the importance of this species in the epidemiology of that disease.…”

“…5 Thus, there is an interest in studying the ecology of phlebotomines in the urban area of the municipality of Maringá, since these insects transmit the protozoa of the Leishmania genus that act as etiological agents for tegumentary leishmaniasis. 1,2,6,8,10 In the Ingá Park, the remaining native forest provides shelter for a variety of forest mammal species, which form a potential reservoir for In an earlier study in the Ingá Park and another two preserved areas within the urban perimeter of Maringá that are covered with native forest, phlebotomines were found to be present within the forest, especially within habitats for wild animals. 16 In the present investigation, the aim was to expand the knowledge of phlebotomine fauna composition, the inclination of these insects to feed on blood from certain hosts, and the hours of the night and the months in which they are most frequent, in the Ingá Park.…”

Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in rural and urban environments in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Brazil

“…fischeri naturally infected with Leishmania braziliensis has only recently been found in the Southeast Region of Brazil (Margonari et al 2010, Rocha et al 2010, but the other species have all been found naturally infected by Leishmania (Viannia) sp. in PR and in other areas of South America (de Queiroz et al 1994, da Silva & Grunewald 1999, Luz et al 2000, Pita-Pereira et al 2005, 2009 residence of an American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) case; 2.1: tree close to the veranda of home; 2.2: peridomicile, avocado tree used as a perch for birds; 2.3: peridomicile, tree close to pigsty; 3: residence of an ACL case; 3.1: peridomicile in a jaboticaba tree close to the home; 3.2: orange tree close to the pigsty and residence; 3.3: bamboo, distant 10 m from the residence, next to a pasture, a pound and a small forest; 4.1: pigsty close to the residence; 4.2: pigsty situated at the forest edge, 50 m far from the residence; 4.3: forest edge tree (50 m far the point 4.2); F: female; M: male.…”