Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect mice from hyperuricaemia through promoting kidney excretion of uric acid and inhibiting liver xanthine oxidase

Abstract

Context: Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae) polysaccharides (LBPs) are important active constituents that have demonstrated kidney protection. Objective: This study investigated the effect of LBPs on hyperuricaemia and explored the underlying mechanism in mice. Materials and methods: Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, hyperuricaemia group, allopurinol group (5 mg/kg) and three LBP groups (n ¼ 6). The LBP groups were treated orally with LBPs at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. We examined the levels of serum uric acid (S UA) and urinary uric acid (U UA), as well as xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities. mRNA and protein were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: LBPs treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the S UA levels to 4.83 and 4.48 mg/dL, and markedly elevated the U UA levels to 4.68 and 5.18 mg/dL (p < 0.05), respectively, while significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of renal organic anti-transporter 1 (OAT1) and organic anti-transporter 3 (OAT3), and markedly decreased the levels of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the serum XOD activities were reduced to 31.5 and 31.1 mU/mL, and the liver XOD activities were reduced to 80.6 and 75.6 mU/mL after treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg LBPs (p < 0.01), respectively. Discussion and conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential role of LBPs in reducing the uric acid level in hyperuricemic mice. A border study population should be evaluated. These results are valuable for the development of new anti-hyperuricaemia agents from LBPs.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) Ameliorates Hyperuricemia via Uric Acid Metabolic Pathways and Gut Microbiota

“…XOD is a key enzyme in the production of uric acid in the liver, which can catalyze hypoxanthine to xanthine and, finally, uric acid [23]. The research found that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, salvia plebeia extract, and soy sauce could relieve HUA by inhibiting XOD [24][25][26]. In this study, we found that TWEs can downregulate the expression level of XOD.…”

Ellagic Acid Exerts Beneficial Effects on Hyperuricemia by Inhibiting Xanthine Oxidase and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

“…XOD catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then xanthine to UA in the liver, concomitant with superoxide anion generation . In many patients, the overproduction of superoxide anions can cause oxidative stress and increase the risks of diseases secondary to hyperuricemia, including gouty inflammation and liver injury. , This highlights that compounds with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activity may have therapeutic value in regulating hyperuricemia and associated complications. The results of the assays for XOD activity inhibition and superoxide anion scavenging ability suggested that EA could inhibit XOD activity directly and reduce superoxide anion generation in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro (Figure B).…”

Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide against Lead-Induced Renal Injury in Mice

“…believed that the mechanism of LBP protecting the kidneys of diabetic rats was the inhibition of proteinuria, the blood urea nitrogen concentration, and serum inflammatory factors (including IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α). Yu et al’s [ 46 ] study showed that LBP has renoprotective effects, which may protect mice from hyperuricemia by promoting renal uric acid excretion. Liao et al [ 47 ] suggested that the mechanism of LBP against high-fat diet-induced renal injury in rats may be to mediate lipid metabolism, enhance anti-inflammatory responses, and ameliorate renal injury caused by lipid metabolism regulators.…”