‘I'm only allowed to sell milk and eggs’: Gender aspects of urban livestock keeping in Eldoret, Kenya

Simiyu, Robert Romborah; Foeken, Dick

doi:10.1017/s0022278x1300061x

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Madaleno 2000; Mkwambisi et al (2011); Simiyu and Foeken (2013) The literature addresses the causal relationship between socioeconomic and environmental changes and the livestock activities within, or in the proximity of, urban and peri-urban areas.…”

Section: Urbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization, livestock systems and food security in developing countries: A systematic review of the literature

2019

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This study systematically reviews the peer-reviewed literature on livestock production and food security in urbanizing environments of developing countries to synthesize the existing evidence and identify priorities for future research. Specifically, a systematic literature review was undertaken using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases over the period 1980-2017, resulting in a final number of 72 articles meeting our selection criteria. The results revealed a fragmentation in the literature, which draws from a very small number of studies, and is positioned in widely varied research areas, environments, livestock systems and consumption patterns. With such heterogeneity, drawing generalizations from the literature may be unreachable. Furthermore, the literature is largely qualitative in nature, with very few comprehensive models to capture and integrate empirical evidence. Food security was typically found to be narrowly defined, focusing primarily on interlinks with livestock supply. Considerably less attention has been given to other relevant dimensions of food security, such as accessibility, utilization and stability. Another important finding of relevance to food security is a need to address the Bmissing middle^in livestock value chains since the literature has customarily concentrated extensively on the two ends of the livestock value chain, i.e., on production and consumption, while widely ignoring other elements and actors along the value chain. A further focus on the interrelationships between livestock production, food security and urbanization in developing countries through a holistic and interdisciplinary approach is recommended. Particularly, future research aiming to understand livestock systems in the context of rapid urbanization should put more emphasis on addressing the full continuum of the livestock value chain and the four dimensions that drive food security in developing countries and how they possibly interrelate.

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Section: Urbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization, livestock systems and food security in developing countries: A systematic review of the literature

2019

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“…The site is considered to be representative of the area and farmers' groups in the urban gardens of the city in terms of size and composition and the prevalent soil type and water accessibility at the site itself. Nyalenda is one of six informal settlements in Kisumu and is one of the largest both in number of inhabitants and surface area covered (UN-Habitat, 2005). Divided over two blocks, A and B, Nyalenda houses nearly 50 000 people within an area of 8.1 km 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Divided over two blocks, A and B, Nyalenda houses nearly 50 000 people within an area of 8.1 km 2 . Existing infrastructure, access to electricity, and access to sanitation are limited in the informal settlements (UN-Habitat, 2005). All along the southern edge of Nyalenda there are active vegetable farms adjacent to a river and wetland area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women's agricultural practices and their effects on soil nutrient content in the Nyalenda urban gardens of Kisumu, Kenya

Jonkman

Kooijman

Kalbitz

et al. 2019

SOIL

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Abstract. In Kisumu up to 60 % of the inhabitants practice some form of urban agriculture, with just under 50 % of the workers being female. On average, women spend more hours a day in the gardens than men. Therefore women's knowledge is pivotal for effective agricultural management. To enhance and better use women's knowledge, gender-related sociocultural obstacles linked to land ownership, investment, and farm inputs have to be taken into account. We aimed to determine how the agricultural knowledge and motivations of female farmers working in the Nyalenda urban gardens in Kisumu (Kenya) influence the soil nutrient status as reflected by the total soil C and N; available soil N and P; and exchangeable soil Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Two prevailing practices were compared to determine how the agricultural management practice influences soil nutrient content: (1) applying manure only and (2) applying manure while intercropping with cowpeas. Interviews and focus group discussions were held to explore the agricultural knowledge and motivations of the women working in Nyalenda. Soil analysis showed that the soil in Nyalenda was rich in nutrients overall but that the intercropped fields contained significantly lower total soil nutrients than fields where only manure was applied. While theoretically intercropping with a legume such as cowpeas should increase soil N content, due to socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, intercropping was applied in a way that did not increase soil nutrient contents; rather it diversified revenue. The knowledge of the female farmers was found to be limited to practical and sensory knowledge. This shows that when aiming to improve soil nutrient status and agricultural yields through agricultural training, socioeconomic conditions, cultural context, and gendered knowledge differentiation have to be acknowledged.

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“…Differences in animal contact and husbandry responsibilities can result in unique zoonotic exposures for each household member or community resident. For example, milking animals, collecting eggs, feeding animals, cleaning animal waste areas, caring for sick animals and preparing animal products for household consumption or sale are often a woman's role in animal husbandry operations leading to multiple opportunities for direct transmission of zoonotic disease (Arora, Arango, Stefan, Chirinda, & Twyman, ; Paudel, ter Meulen, Wollny, Dahal, & Gauly, ; Quisumbing, Roy, Njuki, Tanvin, & Waithanji, ; Simiyu & Foeken, ). As women are also in charge of household meals and food preparation, members are then at risk of indirect transmission from contaminated water, food, utensils and hands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri‐urban households of Kisumu, Kenya

Barnes

Mumma

Cumming

2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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SummaryLow-and middle-income countries are experiencing rapid urban population growth, particularly in peri-urban informal settlements. In these urban areas, animal husbandry remains a valuable source of income and protein-rich foods but may also present a risk of zoonotic disease threat. To date, there have been studies that have assessed the prevalence and nature of animal ownership in these communities. This cross-sectional survey assessed the geographical, sociocultural and economic factors behind the presence, ownership and purpose of domestic animals in three informal peri-urban communities of Kisumu, Kenya. A majority (n = 587) of the study households exhibited domestic animal presence in the living space yet only 32% of households reported animal ownership (n = 252). The purposes of ownership included: for meat/eggs (55%); for income, sale or trade (43%); for milk production (31%); and as companions/pets (31%).Among households that owned animals, 76% reported that at least one animal slept in the house at night. In multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were significantly associated with household animal ownership: ownership of agricultural land (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.35), perceiving a strong community bond (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.25, 4.16), and household membership in a community group (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.60). This research demonstrates the high prevalence of animal ownership in a low-income and high-density peri-urban neighbourhood of an African city, which may facilitate zoonotic disease transmission. Further research should assess if and to what extent animal ownership in such communities is associated with disease risk. K E Y W O R D Scompanion animals, livestock, one health, poultry, public health, zoonoses

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‘I'm only allowed to sell milk and eggs’: Gender aspects of urban livestock keeping in Eldoret, Kenya

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Urbanization, livestock systems and food security in developing countries: A systematic review of the literature

Urbanization, livestock systems and food security in developing countries: A systematic review of the literature

Women's agricultural practices and their effects on soil nutrient content in the Nyalenda urban gardens of Kisumu, Kenya

Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri‐urban households of Kisumu, Kenya

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