Mallotus philippinensisMuell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae): Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry Review

Abstract

Mallotus philippinensis Muell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) are widely distributed perennial shrub or small tree in tropical and subtropical region in outer Himalayas regions with an altitude below 1,000 m and are reported to have wide range of pharmacological activities. Mallotus philippinensis species are known to contain different natural compounds, mainly phenols, diterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, cardenolides, triterpenoids, coumarins, isocoumarins, and many more especially phenols; that is, bergenin, mallotophilippinens, rottlerin, and isorottlerin have been isolated, identified, and reported interesting biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory activity protein inhibition against cancer cell. We have selected all the pharmacological aspects and toxicological and all its biological related studies. The present review reveals that Mallotus philippinensis is a valuable source of medicinally important natural molecules and provides convincing support for its future use in modern medicine. However, the existing knowledge is very limited about Mallotus philippinensis and its different parts like steam, leaf, and fruit. Further, more detailed safety data pertaining to the acute and subacute toxicity and cardio- and immunotoxicity also needs to be generated for crude extracts or its pure isolated compounds. This review underlines the interest to continue the study of this genus of the Euphorbiaceae.

Rottlerin-induced autophagy leads to apoptosis in bladder cancer cells

“…Herbs and their derived products have been the mainstay of traditional medicines all over the world (21). The phytochemicals presenting in these plants and their food products are generally non-toxic and have the capacity to prevent chronic diseases (22).…”

Characteristic Fingerprint Analysis of Mallotus philippinensis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

“…The major phytoconstituent of M. philippinensis is rottlerin (peak 10), which elute at t R 2.89, exhibit a [M+H] + peak at m/z 517.1 [1,[18][19][20] M. philippinensis fruits were collected from the plants grown in western ghats of Maharashtra region, India in the month of February. A voucher specimen of M. philippinensis (RAAMAP3) was deposited in the Botanical Survey of India, Western Region Centre, Pune, India.…”

“…(commonly called Kamala, Kampillaka, and Kapila) is belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and is a very common perennial shrub or small tree found in the outer Himalayas ascending to 1500 meters [1,2]. Mature fruits have glandular hairs/trichomes collected as a reddish brown powder by shaking and rubbing the fruits by hand.…”

“…philippinensis possess various pharmacological activities such as, antifilarial [3], anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, immune-regulatory and antioxidant [4][5][6][7]. This plant is traditionally used as an anthelmintic, purgative, anti-allergic, carminative and also useful in the treatment of bronchitis, abdominal diseases, spleen enlargement [1,8]. Major phytochemicals present in this genus comprise of different natural compounds, generally phenols, diterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, cardenolides, triterpenoids, coumarin and isocoumarins [1,[9][10][11].…”

“…This plant is traditionally used as an anthelmintic, purgative, anti-allergic, carminative and also useful in the treatment of bronchitis, abdominal diseases, spleen enlargement [1,8]. Major phytochemicals present in this genus comprise of different natural compounds, generally phenols, diterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, cardenolides, triterpenoids, coumarin and isocoumarins [1,[9][10][11]. Current knowledge about this endangered medicinal plant is still inadequate concerning its phytochemistry and biological activity.…”