<i>Maximal Oxygen Intake and Its Relation to Body Composition, With Special Reference to Chronic Physical Activity and Obesity</i>

Buskirk, E. R.; Taylor, Henry L.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1957.11.1.72

Cited by 228 publications

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“…The inverse relation of VO 2max with RTH suggests the hypothesis that lower fat mass, and hence more FFM, independent of body mass are important determinants of aerobic capacity. Our data are in agreement with those of Buskirk and Taylor (1957) who found that FFM (r = 0.85), but not fat mass, was most strongly related to absolute VO 2max in man. This seems logical, since the majority of the energy consumed during locomotion is consumed by the working muscle (Taylor et al 1982).…”

Section: Allometrysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Body size determines the quantity of active tissue while blood volume is important in the regulation and maintenance of cardiac output and the delivery of oxygen to that metabolic tissue and has been shown to be proportional to VO 2max in the comparative literature (Taylor et al 1982). In man, it has been established that the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) is strongly related to an individual's ability to work at maximal aerobic intensities (Buskirk and Taylor 1957). Furthermore, in man, the relationship between FFM and performance has been well established (Pollock and Wilmore 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between body composition, blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake

Kearns

McKeever

John‐Alder

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryIt has long been known that body mass and, more specifically, lean body mass are strongly correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) in man and animals. However, there are no data to date describing this phenomenon in the horse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between body composition and VO 2max in the horse. Twenty-three healthy and unfit Standardbred mares performed an incremental exercise test (GXT) to measure VO 2max . Rump fat thickness (RTH), a measure of fat covering, was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Plasma volume, total blood volume and red cell volume were determined, using the Evan's Blue dye dilution technique and packed cell volume. VO 2max was correlated with body mass (r = 0.541; P<0.01) and exercise haematocrit (exHCT; r = 0.407; P<0.05) but not RTH or the other haematological variables. To eliminate the influence of body mass on the individual variables, a regression analysis was performed on the mass-residuals of VO 2max , RTH, plasma volume and exHCT. The residuals of VO 2max were correlated negatively with the residuals of RTH (r = -0.687; P = 0.0003) and positively with the residuals of exHCT (r = 0.422; P = 0.045) but not plasma volume. VO 2max could be predicted from a linear combination of the residuals of RTH and exHCT (r = 0.767; P<0.0001). These data indicate that VO 2max in the horse is significantly related to fat-free mass (FFM), independent of body mass. Red blood cells from the splenic reserve constitute an important factor in the horse's ability to achieve a high VO 2max . Therefore, lean body mass may be a more appropriate basis for assessing metabolic function in the athletic horse. IntroductionThe horse is an 'elite athlete' because it has an aerobic capacity that is 2 or 3 times greater than species of similar body size (i.e. steers; Jones et al. 1989). Racing breeds, such as the Thoroughbred and Standardbred, can achieve a relatively high VO 2max of 153 ml O 2 /kg min (Rose et al. 1988) and 140 ml O 2 /kg min (Tyler et al. 1996) respectively. Maximal whole body oxygen uptake ( VO 2max ) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be utilised by the body. It is related to chronic physical activity, body composition and relative health of the individual animal (Pollock and Wilmore 1990).Two important determinants of VO 2max are body size and blood volume. Body size determines the quantity of active tissue while blood volume is important in the regulation and maintenance of cardiac output and the delivery of oxygen to that metabolic tissue and has been shown to be proportional to VO 2max in the comparative literature (Taylor et al. 1982). In man, it has been established that the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) is strongly related to an individual's ability to work at maximal aerobic intensities (Buskirk and Taylor 1957). Furthermore, in man, the relationship between FFM and performance has been well established (Pollock and Wilmore 1990). This relationship has also been observed in the equine athlete, with the most successful pace...

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Section: Allometrysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body composition, blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake

Kearns

McKeever

John‐Alder

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] When o 2 peak is displayed relative to total body mass, obese adults are severely penalized (ie, show lower values than nonobese) and their state of CRF is not accurately refl ected (ie, maximal performance of the cardiorespiratory systems). 3,4,8 o 2 peak relative to lean body mass (LBM) (mL/min/LBM) might be a better approach in mildly obese individuals, 8 except when there is a signifi cant increase in LBM as in moderateto-extreme obese subjects. 9,10 An alternative way to assess CRF is to predict o 2 peak in mL/min/kg for a given age and sex, and convert it to mL/min by multiplying by a predicted weight; then, CRF is assessed as % predicted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27] However, our results contrast with some who observed o 2 peak (L/min) to be elevated in obesity. 3,4,8,28 o 2 peak is usually increased in obesity, 3,4,8,28 not because of an increased cardiorespiratory capacity or increased fat weight, but rather because of an increase in LBM to support the larger structure. 3,8,29 In addition, the increased o 2 peak in the obese may be a result of them having to carry the added weight every day.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Nonobese and Obese Men and Women

Lorenzo

Babb

2012

Chest

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Obesity is a widespread and growing problem worldwide and is among the most important health challenges of the 21st century. 1 Exercise is an important component in the prevention and treatment of obesity and, thus, an accurate assessment of the patient's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level to determine optimal workout intensities, exercise modes, and exercise routines is critical. 2 Moreover, a proper quantification and interpretation of CRF is important for assessing who has low CRF, underlying comorbidities, and increased disease risk.Peak oxygen uptake ( o 2 peak ) is routinely measured as a means of evaluating CRF by exercise physiologists, allied health-care providers, epidemiologists, Background: The quantifi cation and interpretation of cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF) in obesity is important for adequately assessing cardiovascular conditioning , underlying comorbidities, and properly evaluating disease risk. We retrospectively compared peak oxygen uptake ( O 2 peak) (ie, CRF) in absolute terms, and relative terms (% predicted) using three currently suggested prediction equations (Equations R, W, and G). Methods: There were 19 nonobese and 66 obese participants. Subjects underwent hydrostatic weighing and incremental cycling to exhaustion. Subject characteristics were analyzed by independent t test, and % predicted O 2 peak by a two-way analysis of variance (group and equation) with repeated measures on one factor (equation). Results: O 2 peak (L/min) was not different between nonobese and obese adults (2.35 Ϯ 0.80 [SD] vs2.39 Ϯ 0.68 L/min). O 2 peak was higher ( P , .02) relative to body mass and lean body mass in the nonobese (34 Ϯ 8 mL/min/kg vs 22 Ϯ 5 mL/min/kg, 42 Ϯ 9 mL/min/lean body mass vs 37 Ϯ 6 mL/min/lean body mass). Cardiorespiratory fi tness assessed as % predicted was not different in the nonobese and obese (91% Ϯ 17% predicted vs 95% Ϯ 15% predicted) using Equation R, while using Equation W and G, CRF was lower ( P , .05) but within normal limits in the obese (94 Ϯ 15 vs 87 Ϯ 11; 101% Ϯ 17% predicted vs 90% Ϯ 12% predicted, respectively), depending somewhat on sex. Conclusions: Traditional methods of reporting O 2 peak do not allow adequate assessment and quantifi cation of CRF in obese adults. Predicted O 2 peak does allow a normalized evaluation of CRF in the obese, although care must be taken in selecting the most appropriate prediction equation, especially in women. In general, otherwise healthy obese are not grossly deconditioned as is commonly believed, although CRF may be slightly higher in nonobese subjects depending on the uniqueness of the prediction equation. CHEST 2012; 141(4):1031-1039Abbreviations: CRF 5 cardiorespiratory fi tness; LBM 5 lean body mass; MW 5 measured weight; PW 5 predicted weight; o 2 5 oxygen uptake; o 2 peak 5 peak oxygen uptake.

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“…Nevertheless, the use of peak V9O 2 expressed in mL?kg -1 may lead to exclusion of obese candidates who are actually fit enough to undergo surgery. As peak V9O 2 ,max better correlates with lean body mass than total body weight, several physiologists have recommended the use of height and age in the calculation of predicted peak V9O 2 , particularly when candidates are overweight [22,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aerobic exercise capacity and procedure-related factors in lung cancer surgery

Licker¹,

Schnyder²,

Frey³

et al. 2010

Eur Respir J

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Over the past decades, major progress in patient selection, surgical techniques and anaesthetic management have largely contributed to improved outcome in lung cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of post-operative cardiopulmonary morbidity in patients with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s ,80% predicted, who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).In this observational study, 210 consecutive patients with lung cancer underwent CPET with completed data over a 9-yr period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009).Cardiopulmonary complications occurred in 46 (22%) patients, including four (1.9%) deaths. On logistic regression analysis, peak oxygen uptake (peak V9O 2 ) and anaesthesia duration were independent risk factors of both cardiovascular and pulmonary complications; age and the extent of lung resection were additional predictors of cardiovascular complications, whereas tidal volume during one-lung ventilation was a predictor of pulmonary complications. Compared with patients with peak V9O 2 .17 mL?kg, those with a peak V9O 2 ,10 mL?kg -1 ?min -1 had a four-fold higher incidence of cardiac and pulmonary morbidity. Our data support the use of pre-operative CPET and the application of an intra-operative protective ventilation strategy. Further studies should evaluate whether pre-operative physical training can improve post-operative outcome.

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Maximal Oxygen Intake and Its Relation to Body Composition, With Special Reference to Chronic Physical Activity and Obesity

Cited by 228 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between body composition, blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake

Relationship between body composition, blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake

Quantification of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Nonobese and Obese Men and Women

Impact of aerobic exercise capacity and procedure-related factors in lung cancer surgery

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