<i>Meal Composition</i> And Shift Work Performance

Love, Heather L; Watters, Corilee A.; Chang, Wei-Ching

doi:10.3148/66.1.2005.38

Cited by 9 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In total, five studies were included in our review [39,40,41,42,43]. Reasons for exclusion included study population, study design, outcome not consistent with the inclusion criteria, and study protocol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Included studies were three from North America [39,40,41], one from Europe [42], and one from Asia [43]. They were conducted in a wide range of workplace settings including hospitals, industrial plants, and fire departments (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were conducted in a wide range of workplace settings including hospitals, industrial plants, and fire departments (Table 1). Three studies were randomized controlled trials [40,41,43] and two were pre–post intervention trials [39,42]. In total, this review consists of 670 participants; the smallest study had six participants [39] while the largest 599 [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies measured sleepiness; both intervened by altering meal composition [39,43]. They used the Stamford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) [39,43] and a trail-making test of visual vigilance and mental alertness [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Interventions for Night Shift Workers: A Literature Review

Phoi

Keogh

2019

Nutrients

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(1) Background: Night shift workers have greater risks of developing cardiometabolic diseases compared to day workers due to poor sleep quality and dietary habits, exacerbated by circadian misalignment. Assessing effects of dietary interventions on health outcomes among this group will highlight gaps for future research. (2) Methods: A search of studies was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Embase Classic, Ovid Emcare, and Google Scholar, from earliest to June 2019. The population–intervention–comparator–outcomes–study design format determined inclusion criteria. (3) Results: 756 articles were retrieved; five met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six-hundred-and-seventy night shift workers were from healthcare, industrial, and public safety industries. Dietary interventions included two longer-term nutrition programs and three shorter-term adjustments of meal composition, type, and timing. Outcome measures were varied but included weight and cardiometabolic health measures. Nutrition programs found no weight improvement at both six and 12 months; low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels decreased at six months. Triglycerides peaked after meals at 7:30 pm; glucose and insulin area under the curve peaked after meals at 11:30 pm. (4) Conclusions: Weight loss was not achieved in the studies reviewed but LDL-cholesterol improved. Future studies should investigate the effects of energy reduction and altering meal timing on cardiometabolic risk factors of night shift workers in randomised controlled trials, while assessing hunger, sleepiness, and performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Interventions for Night Shift Workers: A Literature Review

Phoi

Keogh

2019

Nutrients

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“…In one of the few studies that we could locate, Love et al [53] investigated the effects of altering meal composition on subjective alertness scores during shift work. These scores improved significantly with a test meal of 46% carbohydrate and 42% fat during a night shift, compared with a ‘baseline’ meal (56% carbohydrate; 28% fat).…”

Section: Problems With Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, Energy Balance and the Shift Worker

et al. 2008

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Shift work is now common in society and is not restricted to heavy industry or emergency services, but is increasingly found amongst 'white collar' occupations and the growing number of service industries. Participation in shift work is associated with increased body mass index, prevalence of obesity and other health problems. We review the behavioural and biological disturbances that occur during shift work and discuss their impact on leisure-time physical activity and energy balance. Shift work generally decreases opportunities for physical activity and participation in sports. For those shift workers who are able to exercise, subjective and biological responses can be altered if the exercise is taken at unusual times of day and/or if the shift worker is sleep deprived. These altered responses may in turn impact on the longer-term adherence to an exercise programme. The favourable effects of exercise on body mass control and sleep quality in shift workers have not been confirmed. Similarly, recent reports of relationships between sleep duration and obesity have not been examined in a shift work context. There is no evidence that exercise can mediate certain circadian rhythm characteristics (e.g. amplitude or timing) for improved tolerance to shift work. Total energy intake and meal composition do not seem to be affected by participation in shift work. Meal frequency is generally reduced but snacking is increased on the night shift. Unavailability of preferred foods in the workplace, a lack of time, and a reduced desire to eat at night explain these findings. 'Normal' eating habits with the family are also disrupted. The metabolic responses to food are also altered by shift work-mediated disruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms. Whether any interactions on human metabolism exist between timing or content of food intake and physical activity during shift work is not known at present. There are very few randomized controlled studies on the efficacy of physical activity or dietary interventions during shift work. Some favourable effects of such interventions on fatigue levels at work have been reported, but biological and behavioural outcomes relevant to long-term health and energy balance have not been studied adequately. In addition, recruitment and retention of research participants for randomized controlled trials of physical activity or dietary interventions have been very difficult. We present a model of the various behavioural and biological factors relevant to exercise and energy balance during shift work as a framework for future research.

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