<i>Measurement of Heating of the Skin During Exposure to Infrared Radiation</i>

Hendler, E.; Crosbie, R. B.; Hardy, James D.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1958.12.2.177

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, as soon as the experimental protocol requires variation of the stimulus, this approximation can be the source of erroneous interpretations [13]. When the skin is exposed to a constant power source of radiant heat, the change in the skin surface temperature has been reported to increase in proportion to the square root of the time; the deep skin temperature increases more gradually [3,8]. The present results show that the change in each observed temperature at the various intensities is well correlated with the values predicted by the non-linear regression equation (hyperbola, one site binding).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sub-MAC Anesthesia and the Radiation Setting on Repeated Tail Flick Testing in Rats

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sub-MAC Anesthesia and the Radiation Setting on Repeated Tail Flick Testing in Rats

et al. 2008

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“…As regards the coefficients used in the calculation of ETF, the values of Kurazumi et al [26] were adopted for the convective heat transfer area, the radiant heat transfer area, and the conductive heat transfer area for the human body. Hendler et al's value [27] of 0.98 found from the reflectance of skin in electromagnetic waves of wavelength 3 μm or more was used for the emissivity of the human body. The value of Tsuchikawa et al [28] was used for the angle factor of the human body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of Heat Conduction for Environmental Control Method to Improving Thermal Environment and Preventing Oversensitivity to Cold and Air-Conditioning Disease on Female Office Workers

Kurazumi¹,

Kondo²,

Fukagawa³

et al. 2016

Health

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The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect localized heating of the feet has on physiological and psychological reactions of female in an air-conditioned environment in summer. In Japan, female office workers wear less clothing than their male counterparts. In an air-conditioned office space in summer, female conducts thermoregulation by putting on cardigans, etc. but this action does not greatly contribute to improving conditions for the legs and feet, the lower extremities of the body. The improvement of sensational and physiological temperature by localized warming of the body can contribute to a healthy working environment for female office workers, their safety, and a reduction in air conditioning's energy expenditure. We used the indoor thermal * Corresponding author. Y. Kurazumi et al. 584environment evaluation index ETF to investigate the effect localized heating of the feet has on human physiological and psychological response in an air-conditioned environment in summer. The result of heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed more strongly as a psychological effect than as a whole-body physiological effect. Heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was a thermal environment factor that compensates for a low temperature in whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort. The effect of heating due to heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed in the change in sole-ofthe-foot skin temperature. Applying slight heat conduction by means of heating via the sole of the foot demonstrated the result of improved whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort.

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“…For the emissivity on the human body, we used 0.98, derived from the degree of reflection on the skin of electromagnetic waves of 3 μm and above [18]. Because perspiration was difficult to ascertain, we used the thermoregulation model of Kurazumi et al [19] to arrive at these values.…”

Section: Observed Results On Thermal Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Visual Stimuli upon Thermal Sense under Air Conditioning in Summer

K¹

2014

J Ergonomics

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Human thermal sense is not expressed only by simple heat equilibrium. The influence of visual and auditory stimuli causes differences in overall thermal sense arrived at by sophisticated sensory processing by the cerebrum. If it can be clearly shown that a thermal environment considered slightly uncomfortable could be ameliorated using visual stimuli, the cost effectiveness of such an initiative would be highly significant, particularly in terms of air conditioning system running costs. Focusing on the visual stimuli provided by greenery, experiments were conducted in a thermal environment deemed slightly uncomfortable, where the temperature was set at a base point of 28ºC. Experiments were conducted in a temperature-controlled room. Thermal environmental conditions were set at three different temperatures: 25ºC, 28ºC and 31ºC. Wall surface temperatures were set to equal these temperatures. Air velocity (calm air currents of 0.2 m/s or less) and relative humidity (60% RH) were set the same throughout. Subjects were asked to sit quietly for the test. The visual stimuli consisted of ten different types of scenery, including that of leafy vegetation. The influence of overall stimuli of the cerebrum on the indoor thermal environmental index ETF was determined to prove the significance of actively placing visual stimuli in spaces. Thermal stimuli influence the human body on mean skin temperatures, while visual stimuli do not affect mean skin temperatures. In ETF deemed fairly uncomfortable, that is at a range of hotter than 28-29ºC, clear improvements were observed in thermal sense due to the influence of visual stimuli such as natural elements including vegetation like greenery. Visual stimuli were appropriate at a level of up to 69% greenery, where a dynamic effect on warmer environmental conditions can be felt and where the depth of fuller vegetation cover can be perceived.

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Measurement of Heating of the Skin During Exposure to Infrared Radiation

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Sub-MAC Anesthesia and the Radiation Setting on Repeated Tail Flick Testing in Rats

The Effect of Sub-MAC Anesthesia and the Radiation Setting on Repeated Tail Flick Testing in Rats

Availability of Heat Conduction for Environmental Control Method to Improving Thermal Environment and Preventing Oversensitivity to Cold and Air-Conditioning Disease on Female Office Workers

Effects of Visual Stimuli upon Thermal Sense under Air Conditioning in Summer

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