<i>Menstruation in Adolescents</i>

Hillard, Paula J. Adams

doi:10.1196/annals.1429.022

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Our results show that the menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls living in Elazığ, Turkey are similar to the typical characteristics reported in other studies (13). The duration of the menstrual cycle varies in adolescent girls, and their periods typically become regular as they age (14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Menstrual Characteristics of Pubertal Girls: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Turkey

Esen

Baran²,

Serin³

2016

Jcrpe

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Objective: Clinicians should show an awareness on the menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls which may differ from adults in some aspects. To define menstrual cycle features among high school girls residing in a city center in southeastern Turkey.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1256 girls attending a high school located in the city center of Elazığ, Turkey. Data from 879 girls (median age, 16.2 years; range, 13.6-19.2 years) who agreed to participate in the study and had started to menstruate were evaluated.Results: Mean age at menarche was 12.7±1.3 years (range, 8.2-17.3 years). The mean cycle duration was 28.7±4.4 days, and the mean menstrual flow lasted 5.9±1.3 days. Severe, moderate, and mild dysmenorrhea was reported in 29%, 43%, and 28% of the girls, respectively, and 52% used analgesics for dysmenorrhea. A total of 34% of the girls defined their menstrual cycle as irregular, and 32% reported school absenteeism due to menstruation-associated complaints (pain and/or heavy bleeding). Menstrual bleeding affected attendance to classes and other school activities, daily work, social, family, and friend relationships, as well as sports/exercise activities in 43%, 49%, 58%, 48%, 44%, and 60% of the participants, respectively. In total, 30% of the responders had a problem with menstruation, and 12% and 17% of these stated that they consulted a primary care physician or specialist, respectively.Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea was found to be common in adolescent Turkish girls and to affect daily life in approximately half of the girls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Menstrual Characteristics of Pubertal Girls: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Turkey

Esen

Baran²,

Serin³

2016

Jcrpe

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“…Whether the prevalence of menstrual disorders differs among racially diverse, athletic groups is currently unknown. In non-athletes, menarche occurs significantly earlier in African-American than in Caucasian or European American women 73. The BMD of African-American non-athletic females is significantly greater than that of Caucasian women, with a lower risk of osteoporosis and fracture 74.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

et al. 2014

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Protecting the health of the athlete is a goal of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC convened an expert panel to update the 2005 IOC Consensus Statement on the Female Athlete Triad. This Consensus Statement replaces the previous and provides guidelines to guide risk assessment, treatment and return-to-play decisions. The IOC expert working group introduces a broader, more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as ‘Female Athlete Triad’. The term ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S), points to the complexity involved and the fact that male athletes are also affected. The syndrome of RED-S refers to impaired physiological function including, but not limited to, metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, cardiovascular health caused by relative energy deficiency. The cause of this syndrome is energy deficiency relative to the balance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure required for health and activities of daily living, growth and sporting activities. Psychological consequences can either precede RED-S or be the result of RED-S. The clinical phenomenon is not a ‘triad’ of the three entities of energy availability, menstrual function and bone health, but rather a syndrome that affects many aspects of physiological function, health and athletic performance. This Consensus Statement also recommends practical clinical models for the management of affected athletes. The ‘Sport Risk Assessment and Return to Play Model’ categorises the syndrome into three groups and translates these classifications into clinical recommendations.

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“…For the menstrual history, each girl was asked about whether she had more or less than eight menstrual cycles per year, the cycle regularity and the duration in days of each cycle during the last 12 months. A menstrual disorder was considered to be present under the following conditions: the presence of primary or secondary amenorrhoea, the complete absence of menstruation by the age of 16 or 4 years after thelarche, the complete absence of menstruation for three or more months; oligomenorrhoea that is defined as menstruation that occurred at intervals of O45 days or fewer than eight times per year; polymenorrhoea that is defined as menstruation that occurred at intervals of !25 days; an irregular menstrual cycle that is defined as both oligomenorrhoea and polymenorrhoea occurring during the past 12 months; and menorrhagia that is defined as a menstrual period that lasted longer than 7 days (27,28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite different hormonal profiles

Samara-Boustani

Colmenares

Elie

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: To compare the pubertal development, the hormonal profiles and the prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Data were collected from 96 obese adolescent girls and 78 adolescent girls with T1DM at Tanner stage IV or V, whose ages ranged between 11.9 and 17.9 years. Results: High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorder was found in the obese adolescent girls (36.5 and 42% respectively) and the adolescent girls with T1DM (21 and 44% respectively). The obese girls were significantly younger at pubarche, thelarche and menarche than the girls with T1DM. Hirsutism in the obese girls and those with T1DM was associated with hyperandrogenaemia and a raised free androgen index (FAI). When the cause of the raised FAI was investigated in both the groups of girls with hirsutism, the raised FAI in the obese girls was due to low serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. In contrast, the raised FAI of the girls with T1DM and hirsutism was due to hyperandrogenaemia. Menstrual disorders in the T1DM girls were associated also with hyperandrogenaemia unlike obese girls. Conclusions: Hirsutism and menstrual disorders are common in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with T1DM. Although hyperandrogenaemia is present in both groups of girls, the androgenic profiles of the two groups differ. The hyperandrogenaemia in the obese girls is primarily due to their decreased serum SHBG levels, whereas the hyperandrogenaemia in the girls with T1DM is due to their increased androgen production.

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Menstruation in Adolescents

Cited by 77 publications

References 46 publications

Menstrual Characteristics of Pubertal Girls: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Turkey

Menstrual Characteristics of Pubertal Girls: A Questionnaire-Based Study in Turkey

The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite different hormonal profiles

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