<i>miniPixD</i>: a compact sample analysis system which combines X-ray imaging and diffraction

Moss, Robert M.; Crews, Chiaki; Wilson, Matthew D.; Speller, Robert

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/p02001

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…X-ray measurements were made using the miniPixD instrument 17 which has the capability to collect transmission X-ray images and XRD data of small samples. In this case the miniPixD images were simply used to define the sample position.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image guided XRD measurements were made using the miniPixD instrument 17 . The instrument consists of a compact X-ray tube, a sample position system, a transmission X-ray detector and a pixellated energy dispersive X-ray detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uncertainty in scattering angle, and in the detector energy resolution, determines the uncertainty in momentum transfer. The energy resolution of the detector used here has been measured previously to be 1.6 keV at 60 keV (FWHM) 17 . By Equation 2 , the nominal momentum transfer value for a 60 keV photon received at the centre pixel (as described above) would be 2.46 nm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, compared to histopathological analysis, X-ray diffraction measurements are fast. PixD is a recent development in X-ray diffraction technology which allows diffraction signatures to be obtained with a small compact instrument in 10 s to 100 s of seconds 17 . Thus in-theatre analysis of resected tissue could be undertaken to look for involved (positive) margins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of X-ray diffraction signatures of breast tissue and their histopathological classification

Moss

Amin

Crews

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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This pilot study examines the correlation of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements with the histopathological analysis of breast tissue. Eight breast cancer samples were investigated. Each sample contained a mixture of normal and cancerous tissues. In total, 522 separate XRD measurements were made at different locations across the samples (8 in total). The resulting XRD spectra were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) in order to determine if there were any distinguishing features that could be used to identify different tissue components. 99.0% of the variation between the spectra were described by the first two principal components (PC). Comparing the location of points in PC space with the classification determined by histopathology indicated correlation between the shape/magnitude of the XRD spectra and the tissue type. These results are encouraging and suggest that XRD could be used for the intraoperative or postoperative classification of bulk tissue samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of X-ray diffraction signatures of breast tissue and their histopathological classification

Moss

Amin

Crews

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…To enhance the sensitivity and specificity requires an orthogonal probe [6,19]. If depth-resolved absorption and diffraction imaging [12,20] were combined successfully in a compact and cost-effective technology, then it could be deployed to increase the throughput of carry-on and checked luggage at international travel hubs. It is, therefore, a desirable proposition to combine both the collection and analysis of diffracted flux with absorption imaging to potentially reduce false-alarm rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined X-ray diffraction and absorption tomography using a conical shell beam

Shevchuk¹,

Evans²,

Dicken³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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We combine diffraction and absorption tomography by raster scanning samples through a hollow cone of pseudo monochromatic X-rays with a mean energy of 58.4 keV. A single image intensifier takes 90x90 (x,y) snapshots during the scan. We demonstrate a proofof-principle of our technique using a heterogeneous three-dimensional (x,y,z) phantom (90x90x170 mm 3 ) comprised of different material phases, i.e., copper and sodium chlorate. Each snapshot enables the simultaneous measurement of absorption contrast and diffracted flux. The axial resolution was ~1 mm along the (x,y) orthogonal scan directions and ~7 mm along the z-axis. The tomosynthesis of diffracted flux measurements enable the calculation of d-spacing values with ~0.1 Å full width at half maximum (FWHM) at ~2 Å. Thus the identified materials may be color-coded in the absorption optical sections. Characterization of specific material phases is of particular interest in security screening for the identification of narcotics and a wide range of homemade explosives concealed within complex "everyday objects." Other potential application areas include process control and biological imaging. IntroductionRadiographic imaging and the structural analysis of materials using X-rays developed disparately soon after the discovery of X-rays in 1895 [1]. The former has evolved from simple planar imaging into sophisticated tomographic methods [2,3], while the latter formed the basis of X-ray crystallography. Each approach demands quite different spatiotemporal collection and sensing requirements [4,5]. In general, incident X-rays composing a spatial image propagate along a linear path from the source to the detector and do not interact with the materials under inspection. However, the spectroscopic analysis of the transmitted X-rays may provide some useful materials discrimination information [6]. Ultimately, such approaches are limited fundamentally and cannot provide structural or 'molecular resolution' analysis. In contrast, determination of the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline/polycrystalline materials requires analysis of coherently scattered or diffracted Xrays from a sample. The relatively low energy of the interrogating radiation used in laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) limits penetration into the sample to near the incident surface. Significantly higher X-ray energies are required (i.e. an order of magnitude increase in photon energy over the legacy 8 keV Cu Kα [7]) for transmission mode diffraction for highly absorbing and or extended thickness samples [7][8][9]. Conventional fan beam tomography has provided diffracted flux measurements [5,[9][10][11] to demonstrate spatially-resolved material specific profiles. Novel compressive tomography promises further reductions in scan times and exposure [12][13][14]. The common problem confronting all volumetric XRD scanning/imaging methods is the production and measurement of sufficient diffracted flux or signal photons to provide the desired scan speed at application dependent energies. These consideration...

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