“…Although they can generally follow either top-down or bottom-up routines, 1,[38][39][40][41] bottom-up approaches attract increasing interest, due to the versatility of potential carbon precursors and to the possibility to modify CDs chemical composition by using heteroatom-containing doping agents. A variety of commercial and natural precursors were already tried, like starch, 3,42 gelatin, 43 grass, 44,45 banana and orange juices, 46 bread, 47 chocolate, 8 meat, 48 soy milk, 49 instant coffee, 17 black tea, 50 beer, 51,52 and egg white. 53 While such attempts are a priori interesting, the natural materials suffer from their heterogeneity, unknown impurities, and oen unknown chemical composition that is strongly affected by uncontrolled factors (e.g.…”