<i>More Women Can Run: Gender and Pathways to the State Legislatures</i>. By Susan J. Carroll and Kira Sanbonmatsu. (Cambridge University Press, 2013.)

Caughell, Leslie

doi:10.1017/s0022381614000632

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The Democratic Party has seen steady increases in the percentage of women elected—women now make up about a third of Democratic state legislators and members of Congress. However, women's representation among Republican state legislators and members of Congress has hardly increased in the past 30 years (Carroll and Sanbonmatsu , 68; Thomsen ). Republicans thus present the biggest challenge to increasing women's representation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…); however, women are much less likely to be recruited than men (Crowder‐Meyer ; Fox and Lawless ; Lawless and Fox ; Niven ; Preece and Stoddard ; Sanbonmatsu , ). The recruitment gender gap is particularly important because women tend to make decisions about running for office through a “relationally embedded” process where decisions are sensitive to social cues and relationships, rather than one based on spontaneous political ambition (Carroll and Sanbonmatsu ). So although women do appear to be less responsive to recruitment than men, recruited women are more likely to express political ambition than unrecruited women (Preece, Stoddard, and Fisher ).…”

Section: Literature Review and Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Party elites are “knowledgeable and trustworthy” sources who are likely to be persuasive among their followers (Lupia and McCubbins , 201). Because of this dynamic, Republican elites’ decisions to distance the party from the women's rights movement may have created a party culture that helps to explain why Republican women's representation actually peaked in the late 1990s (Carroll and Sanbonmatsu ; Elder , ; Layman ; Leege et al. ; Wolbrecht , ).…”

Section: Literature Review and Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, women comprise about 20% of Congress, 24% of state legislators, 12% of governors, and 17% of mayors of large cities . Women's underrepresentation is particularly acute in the Republican Party, with the percentage of Republican state legislators in 2013 who are women stagnating at only 16.5%—a rate nearly identical to that of the early 1980s (Carroll and Sanbonmatsu , 68).…”

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confidence: 99%

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How to Elect More Women: Gender and Candidate Success in a Field Experiment

Karpowitz

Monson

Preece

2017

American J Political Sci

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Women are dramatically underrepresented in legislative bodies, and most scholars agree that the greatest limiting factor is the lack of female candidates (supply). However, voters’ subconscious biases (demand) may also play a role, particularly among conservatives. We designed an original field experiment to test whether messages from party leaders can affect women's electoral success. The experimental treatments involved messages from a state Republican Party chair to the leaders of 1,842 precinct‐level caucus meetings. We find that party leaders’ efforts to stoke both supply and demand (and especially both together) increase the number of women elected as delegates to the statewide nominating convention. We replicate this finding in a survey experiment with a national sample of validated Republican primary election voters (N = 2,897). Our results suggest that simple interventions from party leaders can affect the behavior of candidates and voters and ultimately lead to a substantial increase in women's descriptive representation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to Elect More Women: Gender and Candidate Success in a Field Experiment

Karpowitz

Monson

Preece

2017

American J Political Sci

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“…Second, women tend to be more knowledgeable than men about local politics, both on process dimensions and identification of key officials (Delli Carpini and Keeter 1996, 207-209). Third, the official nonpartisanship of most local governments in the U.S. means that the barriers to entry created by partybased recruitment processes and gatekeepers are less relevant to local candidacy decisions (Burrell 2015;Carroll and Sanbonmatsu 2013;Bledsoe 1993, 66-67;but see Crowder-Meyer 2013).…”

Section: Local Offices and Female Office Seekingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women and Local Politics: How Different Offices Affect Female Candidacies

Krebs

Wagner

2022

Political Research Quarterly

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Women’s office seeking has been the subject of considerable research, but how likely a female candidate is to seek one office over another has not. Using a unique data set of office seeking in California local governments between 1996 and 2019, we address the likelihood that women will seek certain types of offices over others; and whether and how female office seeking is affected by the context of local elections. In general, we find that women are most likely to seek citywide administrative offices, followed by school board seats. Local office-seeking by women, however, also varies by jurisdiction size, political context, and over time, particularly for county-level offices. Our focus on offices as a key part of female candidate entry sheds important new light on candidate behavior and the prospects for greater descriptive representation in local government.

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The Gendered Representational Costs of Violence against Politicians

Håkansson¹

2023

Perspect. polit.

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Women face more harassment and intimidation as politicians than men, but little is known about how this affects representation. I develop a theoretical framework for studying the gendered costs of political violence for descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation. Testing the framework using interview and survey data on Swedish women and men politicians, I uncover the costs of violence against politicians in all three dimensions empirically. Violence makes women more frequently than men consider leaving politics and enforces male-coded characteristics for political candidates, affecting prospects for gender-diverse descriptive representation. Substantive representation is harmed by violence silencing feminist debates and obstructing women politicians’ policy debate activities. Women’s symbolic representation is threatened by violence coercing women to decrease their visibility.

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More Women Can Run: Gender and Pathways to the State Legislatures. By Susan J. Carroll and Kira Sanbonmatsu. (Cambridge University Press, 2013.)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

How to Elect More Women: Gender and Candidate Success in a Field Experiment

How to Elect More Women: Gender and Candidate Success in a Field Experiment

Women and Local Politics: How Different Offices Affect Female Candidacies

The Gendered Representational Costs of Violence against Politicians

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