Mycobacterium genavense duodenitis following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Abstract

A 56-year-old man was diagnosed with Mycobacterium genavense duodenitis 21 months after an allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplant complicated by graft-versus-host disease requiring intense immunosuppression. This duodenitis responded to prolonged therapy with clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifabutin and reduction of immunosuppression.

Relapsing Mycobacterium Genavense Infection as a Cause of Late Death in a Lung Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…2,6,8 Hence, M. genavense diagnosis remains challenging owing to the difficulty in obtaining cultures, even over prolonged times, 2 and their frequency is probably underestimated. Because of the life-threatening character of M. genavense infection and difficulties in identifying this mycobacterium by standard culture, clinicians must be aware of the need for nucleic acid-based identification techniques for diagnosis of M. genavense infection in transplant recipients.…”

“…Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium genavense has been described mostly in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 1 In HIV-negative patients, about 10 reports of disseminated M. genavense infection have been published in immunocompromised hosts, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] including only 4 cases have occurred in transplant recipients in the last 5 years. 2,[6][7][8] We report a case in a lung transplant recipient, with a fatal outcome more than 3 years after a diagnosis owing to late-onset recurrence of the infection.…”

Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense with pulmonary nodules in a kidney transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature

“…Clinical reports of M. genavense infection are largely from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in the early 1990s, before the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1–5). Over the past 15 years, 9 reports of infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative patients have been published (6–13) (Table 1). Two of these infections were in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who presented with GI complaints and abdominal lymphadenopathy.…”

Mycobacterium genavense Infections in a Tertiary Hospital and Reviewed Cases in Non-HIV Patients

“…Most reports of M. genavense infection are from the pre-HAART era, in AIDS patients from Europe [14, 16, 23, 24], America [3, 13, 25], Asia [26], and Australia [27, 28]. Since 1997, few cases in non-HIV patients have been reported, mainly in immunosuppressed patients, including solid organ transplant recipients [23, 29], and patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies [30] or other immunosuppressive therapy [31, 32].…”