Mycoplasma genitalium: An Emerging Cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Abstract

Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen that is increasingly identified among women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Although Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae frequently cause PID, up to 70% of cases have an unidentified etiology. This paper summarizes evidence linking M. genitalium to PID and its long-term reproductive sequelae. Several PCR studies have demonstrated that M. genitalium is associated with PID, independent of gonococcal and chlamydial infection. Most have been cross-sectional, although one prospective investigation suggested that M. genitalium was associated with over a thirteenfold risk of endometritis. Further, a nested case-control posttermination study demonstrated a sixfold increased risk of PID among M. genitalium positive patients. Whether or not M. genitalium upper genital tract infection results in long-term reproductive morbidity is unclear, although tubal factor infertility patients have been found to have elevated M. genitalium antibodies. Several lines of evidence suggest that M. genitalium is likely resistant to many frequently used PID treatment regimens. Correspondingly, M. genitalium has been associated with treatment failure following cefoxitin and doxycycline treatment for clinically suspected PID. Collectively, strong evidence suggests that M. genitalium is associated with PID. Further study of M. genitalium upper genital tract infection diagnosis, treatment and long-term sequelae is warranted.

Proportion of Tubal Factor Infertility due toChlamydia: Finite Mixture Modeling of Serum Antibody Titers

“…Our results therefore need to be confirmed by a specifically planned study, using modern assays, many of which are far more specific (33). The method could also be extended by testing samples for evidence of other pathogens capable of causing reproductive damage, including Mycoplasma genitalium (54), Bacterial vaginosis (47) and possibly Neisseria gonorrhoeae (50). The exercise could also be carried out on samples from women with PID and EP.…”

Prevalence of M. genitalium and U. urealyticum in urine tested for C. trachomatis

“…ORIGINALARTIKKEL Genitale mykoplasmainfeksjoner er ikke definert som allmennfarlige smittsomme sykdommer i smittevernloven, slik som klamydia. M. genitalium gir ikke bare uskyldig «kløe», den kan gi infeksjoner med betydelige følger (1,13,29). Det er likevel vanskelig å anslå hvor ofte mikroben migrerer til øvre genitalia.…”

“…I kliniske studier defineres cervisitt ulikt, og dette vanskeliggjør entydige konklusjoner (1,11,12). Cervisitt er en vanlig forløper for infeksjoner i øvre genitalia (13,14). På samme måte som for C. trachomatis assosieres M. genitalium med reaktiv artritt hos både kvinner og menn (1, 11).…”

Anti – Inflammation Phage Therapy:revival

“…Часть ученых считает, что рутинное микробиологическое исследование при подозрении на ВЗОМТ не является целесообразным; что молекулярно-биологические исследования оправданы только для выявления гонококков, хламидий, M. Genitalium, так как в других ситуациях это, с одной стороны, экономически не оправдано, а с другой -отодвигает время начала лечения [21,23]. Но своевременный выбор препарата и режимов лечения ВЗОМТ определяет успешность исходов.…”