Mycoplasmaspecies in chicken flocks with different management systems

Abstract

SUMMARYChicken flocks hatched together but reared under different management systems were examined for mycoplasmas over a two-year period. On the farm A multiple-age flocks were reared in close contact. This farm had not been depopulated for over 15 years. On farms B, C and D single-age flocks were reared and the farms were depopulated every year. On farm A 218 birds from 20 flocks were tested: mycoplasmas were isolated from 202 (92.7%). On farms B, C and D 289 birds from seven flocks were tested: mycoplasmas were recovered from 55 (19.0%). On farm A the following mycoplasmas were identified: M. gallisepticum (46.9% of isolates), M. gallinarum (47.8%), M. pullorum (46.3%), M. gallinaceum (43.2%),M. iners (10.9%), M. iowae (8.3%),M. synoviae (51.7%), M. lipofaciens (23.8%) and M. glycophilum (16.7%). Furthermore, mycoplasma strains which do not belong to recognised species of avian mycoplasmas, Acholeplasma laidlawii and an unidentified Acholeplasma strain were also isolated. On farms B, C and D the isolates were identified as M. gallisepticum or M. synoviae. The only exception was one culture from which M. gallinarum was recovered. The differences between farm A and farms B, C and D regarding total mycoplasma isolation yields and incidence of their species are significant (/K0.01) and are attributed to the different management systems.

Seroprevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens in Rajshahi and surrounding districts of Bangladesh

“…Our percentage (25.3%) is lower than that of Minga et al (1987) and Bhattacharya et al (2001) who reported 33.8% and 37.7% seropositive chickens for Salmonella infection in Tanzania and India, respectively. Whereas, Terzolo et al (1977), Prukner (1987), Ghosh (1988), Muneer et al (1988), Waltman and Home (1993), Yang et al (1996), Hasegawa et al (1999) Bencina et al (1987), Godoy et al (2001), Biswas et al (2003), Zhang et al (2001) and Abdu et al (1983) who reported 56.5%, 59.1%, 54.9%, 53.0% and 47.5% seroprevalence of MG infection in chickens, respectively.…”

“…MG infection is a chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in avian species (Ley, 2003) transmitted both horizontally and vertically and it remains in the flock continuously as a subclinical form (Bencina et al, 1987). It causes decreased feed efficiency, poor carcass quality and sub-optimal egg production in layers (Ley and Yoder, 1997).…”

Transfer of maternal immunoglobulins and antibodies toMycoplasma gallisepticumandMycoplasma synoviaeto the allantoic and amniotic fluid of chicken embryos

“…In addition, five hens were obtained from flock A. They were brown egg-layers of domestic selection RIR kept on a multiple-age chicken farm (Benčina et al ., 1987). These hens were placed in individual cages, artificially inseminated and examined for mycoplasmas by culture and serology (see later).…”

Epidemiological investigation o„f Mycoplasmas, M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae and M. meleagridis i poultry flocks in Greece.

“…(1980) και Harada και συν. (1984), Poveda et al (1990), Porta et al (1994) and Bencina et al (1987) found that the incidence of mycoplasmas Mg and Ms in Spain and Yugoslavia in breeders and layers was 20-30% and 37,8% respectively. Mohammed et al (1986) and in a similar study in Callifornia found that the incidence in laying flocks for Mg was 73% and for Ms 91%.…”

“…The epidemiological surveys which have been done for the detection of abs to mycoplasmas in certain countries of Europe, have shown that the incidence of Mg and Ms reaches 20-30% and 37% respectively (Bencina et al 1987, Poveda et al 1990, Porta et al 1994.…”