N-Acetyl-l-cysteine effects on multi-species oral biofilm formation and bacterial ecology

Abstract

Future therapies for the treatment of dental decay have to consider the importance of preserving bacterial ecology while reducing biofilm adherence to teeth. A multi-species plaque derived (MSPD) biofilm model was used to assess how concentrations of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (0, 0.1%, 1%, 10%) affected the growth of complex oral biofilms. Biofilms were grown (n=96) for 24 hours on hydroxyapatite disks in BMM media with 0.5% sucrose. Bacterial viability and biomass formation was examined on each disk using a microtiter plate reader. In addition, fluorescence microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to qualitatively examine the effect of NAC on bacterial biofilm aggregation, extracellular components, and bacterial morphology. The total biomass was significantly decreased after exposure of both 1% (from 0.48, with a 95% confidence interval of (0.44, 0.57) to 0.35, with confidence interval (0.31, 0.38)) and 10% NAC (0.14 with confidence interval (0.11, 0.17)). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis indicated that 1% NAC reduced biofilm adherence while preserving biofilm ecology.

N‐acetylcysteine eradicates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in bone cement

“…Many studies have suggested the usage of NAC as an alternative pharmacological approach to control bacterial biofilm growth. They attributed to a number of factors related to its antibiofilm property including inhibition of bacterial adherence, and reduction of the extracellular polysaccharide matrix production (Olofsson et al ., ; Dinicola et al ., ; Lasram et al ., ; Moon et al ., ; Rasmussen et al ., ). Also, NAC is a glutathione precursor, involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance and homeostasis (Asevedo et al ., ).…”

“…Preventative approaches to these infections include blocking tissue destruction, resisting of bacteria, and developing chemicals that might block initial adherence (Khardori and Yassien, ; Souza et al ., ). Several antimicrobial or non‐antimicrobial agents such as N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) have been investigated to prevent the formation of biofilms and to eradicate biofilms associated bacteria such as P. aeruginosa (Kannan et al ., ; Flach et al ., ; Ulusoy et al ., ; Rasmussen et al ., ). Since NAC has antibacterial (Perez‐Giraldo et al ., ) and antibiofilm activity (Olofsson et al ., ), we thought to study its effect on P. aeruginosa biofilms in bone cement.…”

Methods for Searching of Potential Beneficial Bacteria and Their Products in Dental Biofilm

“…Quantitative real-time PCR is a cultivation-independent perfect toll for declaring of the bacterial composition of cultivable, hard cultivable or uncultivable bacteria in tested sample, but it is limited due to numbers of selected bacterial groups. Amplicon sequencing is a sensitive method that is cultivation independent and good for declaring the composition of all bacterial members in the tested sample and it could quantify the ratio between bacterial groups [24,25]. This method is cultivation free and principle is based on the amplification of total DNA isolated from the sample and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.…”

Biomaterial‐based possibilities for managing peri‐implantitis

“…In an attempt to prevent/treat bacterial colonization on dental implant system components, metallic nanoparticles have been investigated as a potential coating material on titanium substrates . However, the wide broad‐spectrum antimicrobial properties depend on the metallic nanoparticles concentration.…”