<i>n</i>-Alkane isomerization by catalysis—a method of industrial importance: An overview

Dhar, Abhishek; Vekariya, Rohit L.; Bhadja, Poonam

doi:10.1080/23312009.2018.1514686

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Hydrocarbon cracking (hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking) involves transformation of the boiling point of hydrocarbon. Isomerisation leads to up-gradation in octane numbers [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Both methods significantly utilise zeolite catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

et al. 2022

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Numerous attempts have been made to produce new materials and technology for renewable energy and environmental improvements in response to global sustainable solutions stemming from fast industrial expansion and population growth. Zeolites are a group of crystalline materials having molecularly ordered micropore arrangements. Over the past few years, progress in zeolites has been observed in transforming biomass and waste into fuels. To ensure effective transition of fossil energy carriers into chemicals and fuels, zeolite catalysts play a key role; however, their function in biomass usage is more obscure. Herein, the effectiveness of zeolites has been discussed in the context of biomass transformation into valuable products. Established zeolites emphasise conversion of lignocellulosic materials into green fuels. Lewis acidic zeolites employ transition of carbohydrates into significant chemical production. Zeolites utilise several procedures, such as catalytic pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and hydro-pyrolysis, to convert biomass and lignocelluloses. Zeolites exhibit distinctive features and encounter significant obstacles, such as mesoporosity, pore interconnectivity, and stability of zeolites in the liquid phase. In order to complete these transformations successfully, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the chemistry of zeolites. Hence, further examination of the technical difficulties associated with catalytic transformation in zeolites will be required. This review article highlights the reaction pathways for biomass conversion using zeolites, their challenges, and their potential utilisation. Future recommendations for zeolite-based biomass conversion are also presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

et al. 2022

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“…Normally, the production of isoparaffins follows secondary reactions such as hydrocracking, dimerization, oligomerization, and alkylation on primary hydrocarbons. In any case, the accepted kinetic mechanism converges to the formation of carbocation intermediates, which are later hydrated to branched alkanes . Solid acid catalysts such as zeolites have been employed extensively for the isomerization reactions owing to their unique steric properties such as multidimensional structure, porosity, and acidity. − Soualah et al studied the impact of zeolite structural properties on long-chain alkane hydroisomerization over Pt/zeolite (HBeta, HMCM-22, and HZSM-5) catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pass Hydrogenation of CO₂ to Multibranched Isoparaffins over Bifunctional Zeolite-Based Catalysts

Noreen

et al. 2020

ACS Catal.

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Direct hydrogenation of CO2 to high-valued fuels is a process that can be likened to the “Trapping two fishes with a single worm”. This win–win situation addresses the ever-increasing problems associated with excessive CO2 emission as well as renewable energy supply. In this contribution, a thorough study is realized on 10 MR zeolites with one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to gasoline (C5–C11), with a high fraction of multibranched isoparaffins. Emphasis is placed on identifying the factors that favor isomerization and increase the number of branches on the isomers. Zeolites SAPO-11 and ZSM-5 were configured with Na/Fe3O4 (NaFe) in single-, dual-, and various triple-bed arrangements for this investigation. A dual-bed reaction with SAPO-11 and ZSM-5 coupled individually with the NaFe catalyst showed relatively higher selectivity for low-branched isoparaffins and aromatics, respectively. In the event of combining both the zeolites with NaFe as a physical mix and triple-bed systems, isoparaffins selectivity increased with improved multibranched isomers and reduced aromatics at the same time. Among these different tactics, the triple-bed system comprising the NaFe catalyst followed sequentially with SAPO-11 and ZSM-5 maximizes the selectivity for isoparaffins with the enhanced formation of multibranched isomers. The selectivity of gasoline reached 71.7% in hydrocarbons (HCs) with a maximum of 38.2% isoparaffins possessing a RON value of 91.7 at CO2 conversion of 31.2%. Multibranched isomers accounted for 28.3% in all C5+ isoparaffins, much higher than that of the single zeolite. Purposefully, hypothetical knowledge obtained from the prior model reactions on the zeolites served as a strong foundation to support and give insight into the results from the CO2 hydrogenation reactions.

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“…The isomerization of n-alkanes is a process of great importance for the oil refining industry. This reaction transforms linear alkanes into branched ones, which have higher octane numbers and therefore utilize light gasoline fraction of atmosphere refining [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Usually, branched paraffins are obtained by isomerization over bifunctional catalysts, which have Broensted and Lewis acidic and hydrogenating-dehydrogenating active sites [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-Hexane Isomerization Over Nickel-Containing Mordenite Zeolite

Patrylak¹,

Krylova²,

Pertko³

et al. 2020

Ch&Cht

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n-Alkane isomerization by catalysis—a method of industrial importance: An overview

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

One-Pass Hydrogenation of CO₂ to Multibranched Isoparaffins over Bifunctional Zeolite-Based Catalysts

n-Hexane Isomerization Over Nickel-Containing Mordenite Zeolite

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n-Alkane isomerization by catalysis—a method of industrial importance: An overview

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

One-Pass Hydrogenation of CO2 to Multibranched Isoparaffins over Bifunctional Zeolite-Based Catalysts

n-Hexane Isomerization Over Nickel-Containing Mordenite Zeolite

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One-Pass Hydrogenation of CO₂ to Multibranched Isoparaffins over Bifunctional Zeolite-Based Catalysts