Cilengitide, a cyclicized arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-containing pentapeptide, potently blocks 3 and 5 integrin activation. Integrins are upregulated in many malignancies and mediate a wide variety of tumor-stroma interactions. Cilengitide and other integrin-targeting therapeutics have preclinical activity against many cancer subtypes including glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadliest CNS tumor. Cilengitide is active against orthotopic GBM xenografts and can augment radiotherapy and chemotherapy in these models. In Phase I and II GBM trials, cilengitide and the combination of cilengitide with standard temozolomide and radiation demonstrate consistent antitumor activity and a favorable safety profile. Cilengitide is currently under evaluation in a pivotal, randomized Phase III study cancer subtypes including glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadliest central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Cilengitide is active against orthotopic GBM xenografts and can augment radiotherapy and chemotherapy in these models. In phase I and II GBM trials, cilengitide and the combination of cilengitide with standard temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation demonstrate consistent anti-tumor activity and a favorable safety profile. Cilengitide is currently under evaluation in a pivotal, randomized phase III study (CENTRIC) for newly diagnosed GBM. In addition, randomized, controlled phase II studies with cilengitide are ongoing for non-small cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Cilengitide is the first integrin-inhibitor in clinical phase III development for oncology.