N,N-Dichlorovaleramide: An Efficient Decontaminating Reagent for Sulfur Mustard

Abstract

An efficient and operationally simple method for the chemical decontamination of sulfur mustard (HD) has been reported herein. A newly synthesized (positive chlorine bearing) reagent N,N-dichlorovaleramide has been utilized for this purpose. Decontamination has been achieved in aqueous and aprotic media. The reaction was monitored by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. This reagent is more effective, stable, economical, and easy to synthesize and leads to instant decontamination of HD. The reaction was found to instantaneously and completely convert HD to innocuous products at different temperatures (−10 to 25 °C).

Oxidative Detoxification of Sulfur-Containing Chemical Warfare Agents by Electrophilic Iodine

“…The low pH accelerates the release of bromonium cation, hence increasing the reaction rate of sulfide oxidation. When an excess of NBS is used, the released bromide anion continues to react with the sulfonium cation to produce a bromination byproduct presumably via Pummerer-type reaction in addition to the sulfoxide product. , …”

Oxidative decontamination of chemical warfare agent VX and its simulant using N,N-dichlorovaleramide

“…52 We have reported the oxidative degradation of OSDEMP (a non-toxic simulant of VX) and sulfur mustard using positive chlorine bearing decontaminants. [53][54][55][56] By far the oxidative methods are easy to implement as they instantly convert the sulfur containing CWAs to their corresponding innocuous oxidation products.…”

N, N-Dichlorourethane: An Efficient Decontaminating Reagent for Sulfur Mustard, a Chemical Warfare Agent

“…They have also been investigated for their microbicidal activity. The N -chloro compounds have also been reported − for decontamination of chemical warfare agents. A variety of decontaminating agents have been reported over the years, however, most of them suffer from drawbacks such as the use of hazardous solvents and prolonged decontamination time due to poor miscibility with HD and small amount of active chlorine present in these compounds.…”

“…Oxidation reactions are relatively faster than hydrolysis reactions. Owing to the presence of oxidizable bivalent sulfur, the oxidation of HD using organic chloramines is a promising method of decontamination. − Oxidation reactions render the compound harmless to biological systems. Various agents − have been used for decontamination of HD including hypochlorite, , sodium, enzyme-based micro emulsion, , zeolites, iodobenzoic acid complex, nanosize calcium oxide, titania nanotubes, peroxides, and alumina-supported fluoride reagents .…”

“…We previously reported the use of N,N- dichlorourethane, for the decontamination of O,S- diethyl methylphosphonothiolate , (OSDEMP), a simulant of VX. In continuation of our previous studies , here we explore the use of N,N- dichlorourethane as decontaminating reagent for the sulfur mustard.…”