<i>New Phytologist</i>– an evolving host for mycorrhizal research

Martin, Francis; Slater, Holly

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02058.x

Cited by 144 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Mycorrhizal fungal community plays an important role in soil environment quality and natural circle, also influencing higher plant functions to a large extent [6,7,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134]. Our understanding of the controls on mycorrhizal fungal species distribution and community organization is in its early childhood, especially when compared with that of the more mature fields of plant and animal community ecology and biogeography.…”

Section: Microbiological Methodologies: Mycorrhizal Fungal Community-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major motivation for the above effort is the high rate of human-accelerated environmental change, including elevated atmospheric ozone, CO 2 , nitrogen deposition, climate change and land use/land cover change [33,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][129][130][131][132]. It is a clear fact that these changes can affect mycorrhizal fungal species, but it is also clear that we do not yet have data sets sufficiently saturated, or models sufficiently powerful, to determine the exact nature, timing and spatial pattern of fungal community responses.…”

Section: Microbiological Methodologies: Mycorrhizal Fungal Community-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant production realization is obtained eventually through physiological pathways at least at the level of individual and community [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]120,[130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140]. One molecule or cell cannot produce any economic effect in field [22,23,77,78,117].…”

Section: Physiological Theories: Understanding Higher Plant Physiologmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, different soil water supply will result in quite different physiological pathways, which directly determine the ability for plants to make photosynthetic products. Water deficits in soil environment also influence solute transport (ion and nutrient uptake of plants) to larger extent, which effects on photosynthetic reactions in plant chloroplasts in many ways [117,120,131,135,[139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147]. This is the reason that ion homeostasis and redox state have been brought to attention [4][5][6][7][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119].…”

Section: Physiological Theories: Understanding Higher Plant Physiologmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the discipline context, it is very interesting to understand the interaction between plants and their environment. It is also a urgent need for human life that we should create crop plants that are able to confront successfully unfavorable natural conditions [7,10,11,[128][129][130][131][132][133][134]144]. The main aim in plant breeding is to obtain plants that combine higher yields, reliable yield stability, better quality and obvious characters resisting stresses (abiotic and biotic) over years and locations [15,16,22,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mutual responses of higher plants to environment: Physiological and microbiological aspects

Zhen-Kuan

Wang

et al. 2007

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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Section: Microbiological Methodologies: Mycorrhizal Fungal Community-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiological Methodologies: Mycorrhizal Fungal Community-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Theories: Understanding Higher Plant Physiologmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Theories: Understanding Higher Plant Physiologmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The mutual responses of higher plants to environment: Physiological and microbiological aspects

Zhen-Kuan

Wang

et al. 2007

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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Basidiomycota

Watkinson¹

2008

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Basidiomycota comprise the most morphologically complex group of macrofungi. They include mushrooms and toadstools, and rust and smut parasites of plants. Basidiomycetes grow as networks of hyphae colonizing nutrient substrates. Reproduction is by airborne spores produced from basidiomes such as mushrooms. Features used in identification show frequent convergent evolution – classification is changing as molecular phylogeny reveals true relationships. Basidiomycetes are essential in carbon cycling in temperate and boreal forests, as wood decomposers and ectomycorrhizal symbionts. They form underground resource‐sharing networks (the ‘wood‐wide web’) which support plant biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Some form symbioses with animals, notably ants, termites, beetles and wasps. Others form lichens with photosynthetic microbes. Economically, mushrooms are valued for food and for bioactive compounds exploited in traditional medicine. Wood decay Basidiomycetes can destroy construction timber, but are valuable in lignocellulose conversion, for composting and as potential producers of biofuels. Rusts and smuts cause major crop losses. Key concepts The unique mode of growth and development in Fungi reaches its most highly diversified form in Basidiomycota: modular, indeterminately tip‐extending hyphae branch and anastomose, produced a network that comprises the individual organism. The differentiation of multicellular tissues, as in mushroom development, occurs in an environmentally cued, context‐responsive manner. Basidiomycota exemplify convergent evolution, particularly in the form of reproductive structure, the basidiome (mushroom). Extensive recent changes in classification result from new evidence from molecular phylogeny for true evolutionary relationships within the group. The ‘wood‐wide web’ of underground resource‐sharing networks in forest soils is mainly formed from the mycelium of basidiomycete fungi. Mycelium scavenges and transports plant nutrients from soil, and supports the growth of plants able to connect to it. Symbiotic and decomposing activities by fungi of the wood‐wide web contribute to plant productivity and diversity, to woodland carbon cycling and to mineral nutrient dynamics. Symbiosis is an important feature of the ecology of the group. Basidiomycete fungi include biotrophics such as rust and smut parasites of plants, mutualistic symbionts including ectomycorrhiza of forest trees, lichen associations with photosynthetic microbes. Animal symbioses are common, particularly with ants, termites, beetles and wasps. Economically, their ability to degrade lignocellulose and convert inorganic nitrogen compounds to amino acids and protein, enables basidiomycetes to convert wood into food for animals. Humans exploit this in mushroom gathering and cultivation. The wood rotting ability of basidiomycetes is exploited in waste composting, and potentially for biofuel production from woody waste. Basidiomycetes produce a very large array of bioactive metabolites. Some of these confer extreme toxicity on fungi such as Amanita phalloides , the death cap. Others are pharmacologically valuable, and are exploited mainly in traditional medicine. Economic losses due to basidiomycetes include millions of pounds worth of damage to construction timber per annum, and crop losses due to rust and smut fungi. The emergent human pathogen Cryptococcus is a basidiomycete.

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Plant–Fungal Interactions in Mycorrhizas

Bonfante

2010

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Mycorrhizas are widespread symbiotic associations established between the roots of the majority of land plants, and a heterogeneous group of beneficial fungi belonging to diverse fungal taxa. Their ubiquitous presence argues that they have been favoured during evolution thanks to the benefits gained by both the plant and fungal partners. Advances in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology coupled to high‐throughput sequencing have allowed the genomes of some symbionts to be studied, as well as the molecular basis of cross‐talk between plant and fungus. We are beginning to see the contributions of the partners to the functioning of mycorrhizal associations. Advanced microscopy of the living partner cells has unravelled some processes determining compatibility which are a peculiar feature of mycorrhizal interactions. Key Concepts: The term Mycorrhiza comes from two Greek words for ‘fungus’ and ‘root’ and describes root–fungus associations which may be morphologically and functionally diverse. Molecular approaches have solved questions about the identity of mycorrhizal fungi both free in the soil and root associated in symbiotic structures. Nutritional interactions among plants and fungi in the rhizosphere may be saprotrophic, pathogenic or symbiotic. Recent advances in genome sequencing of ectomycorrhizal fungi identify some basic features which are characteristic of mycorrhizal fungi, that is the absence of effectors which may elicit plant defence. Transcriptome profiles of ectomycorrhizal roots reveal differential regulation of both plant and fungus. Glomeromycota possess peculiar features (i.e. an obligate biotrophic status and multinucleated hyphae) which at the moment limit a full understanding of their biology. Many model plants are compatible hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The transduction signalling pathways which control arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment and legume/rhizobium nodule formation are at least partly the same. Plant cells undergo complex cellular and molecular reprogramming when they accommodate the AM fungus. The core of a functioning arbuscular mycorrhiza lies at the interface between the two partners.

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New Phytologist– an evolving host for mycorrhizal research

Cited by 144 publications

References 67 publications

The mutual responses of higher plants to environment: Physiological and microbiological aspects

The mutual responses of higher plants to environment: Physiological and microbiological aspects

Basidiomycota

Plant–Fungal Interactions in Mycorrhizas

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