Nosema ceranaehas infectedApis melliferain Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent thanNosema apis

Paxton, Robert J.; Klee, Julia; Korpela, Seppo; Fries, Ingemar

doi:10.1051/apido:2007037

Cited by 363 publications

(334 citation statements)

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“…Most studies showed that N. ceranae is more pathogenic and causes more energetic stress on honeybees than N. apis (Paxton et al 2007;Mayack and Naug 2009;Martín-Hernández et al 2011). As a result of the coevolution period of European honeybee and N. apis , they are well adapted to each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But in the case of N. ceranae , this period is shorter than N. apis for the adaptation to European honeybee, and physiological adaptation mechanism in the hostparasite relationship may be less efficient. This causes increased appetite, more food consumption, shortened life span, decrease in energy levels, reduced colony population, and even colony collapse (Paxton et al 2007;Mayack and Naug 2009). In addition to its effect on energetic stress, N. ceranae causes immunosuppression and provokes the secondary infections in honeybees (Antúnez et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies showed that N. ceranae may be more pathogenic than N. apis , and infected colonies may collapse when they are not treated (Paxton et al 2007;Somerville and Hornitzky 2007;Mayack and Naug 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey

et al. 2015

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-In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey. For this aim, adult honeybee (Apis mellifera ) samples were collected from 1621 colonies within 95 apiaries located in 22 provinces of Turkey. Samples were examined microscopically. In case of positivity, spore identification was done by multiplex PCR. At the end of microscopic examination, Nosema spp. spores were detected in 7 out of 22 provinces (31.8 %), and 16 out of 95 colonies (16.8 %) that represent 1621 colonies. According to PCR results, 1 out of 16 isolates (6.25 %) was Nosema apis , and 15 out of 16 isolates (93.75 %) were Nosema ceranae . The result of our study indicated that N.ceranae is the dominant species in Turkey.Nosema apis / Nosema ceranae / Multiplex PCR / Turkey

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey

et al. 2015

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“…The honey bee Apis mellifera L. was formerly considered to be parasitized by just one microsporidium Nosema apis, but in 1994 a second, Nosema ceranae, was detected in the Asiatic honey bee, Apis cerana (Fries, Feng, Da Silva, Slemenda, & Pieniazek, 1996), and since 1994, infection of A. mellifera by N. ceranae has been found to be spread worldwide (Chen, Evans, Smith, & Pettis, 2008;Higes, Martín-Hernandez, & Meana, 2006;Klee et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2008;Paxton, Klee, Korpela, & Fries, 2007). It is known that N. apis affects the epithelial cells lining the midgut of the adult bees (Bailey, 1955) and shortens the life span of both queens and adult bees (Wang & Moeller, 1970;Webster, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term effects of a food supplement HiveAlive™ on honey bee colony strength and Nosema ceranae spore counts

Charistos¹,

Parashos²,

Hatjina³

2015

Journal of Apicultural Research

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The long term effect of HiveAlive™, a commercial food supplement, was evaluated with respect to colony population size and Nosema ceranae spore loads. The supplement was administered in sugar syrup at a dose of 2.5 ml per liter of syrup to up to 20 colonies per group for a period of 2 years. Its use before and after winter increased a colony's worker population size by 89% and reduced Nosema ceranae spores by 57% compared to control colonies. These results represent the first-known hive manipulation to have a lasting effect on nosema spore levels. The positive effect of HiveAlive™ may have been a result of its continued use over a two-year period.Efectos a largo plazo del suplemento alimenticio HiveAlive TM sobre la fuerza de las colonias de abejas y el recuentos de esporas de Nosema ceranae El efecto a largo plazo de HiveAlive™, un suplemento alimenticio comercial, se evaluó con respecto al tamaño de la població n de la colonia y la carga de esporas de Nosema ceranae. El suplemento se administró en jarabe de azúcar a una dosis de 2,5 ml por litro de jarabe hasta 20 colonias por grupo en un período de dos años. Su uso antes y después del invierno aumentó el tamaño de la població n de obreras de una colonia hasta en un 89% y redujo las esporas de Nosema ceranae en un 57% en comparació n con las colonias de control. Estos resultados representan la primera manipulació n de las colmenas con un efecto duradero sobre los niveles de esporas de Nosema. El efecto positivo de HiveAlive™ puede haber sido resultado de su uso continuado durante un período de dos años.

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“…N. apis was first described in the European honey bee, Apis mellifera (Zander 1909) and N. ceranae was first known to infect the Asian cavity nesting honey bee, Apis cerana (Fries et al 1996). However, recent studies have shown that N. ceranae is becoming the dominant species infecting A. mellifera worldwide and may be more virulent than N. apis (Fries et al 2006;Higes et al 2006;Chauzat et al 2007;CoxFoster et al 2007;Huang et al 2007; Klee et al 2007;Paxton et al 2007;Chen et al 2008;Williams et al 2008;Chaimanee et al 2010). Nosema infection occurs when spores are ingested through contaminated food and water (Webster 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of host age on susceptibility to infection and immune gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) inoculated with Nosema ceranae

Chaimanee¹,

Chantawannakul²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Apidologie

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-Nosema ceranae is a microsporidium parasite infecting honey bees worldwide. All colony members including workers, drones, and queens can become infected. In this study, we inoculated queens of age 1, 6, and 12 days post-adult emergence, with N. ceranae spores of different doses and allowed them to age an additional 12 days. The results indicated that younger queens were indeed more susceptible to N. ceranae inoculation than older queens. Moreover, this is the first report of the effects of N. ceranae inoculation on immune gene expression in queens of different ages. Our results demonstrated that the expression of genes related to the bee immunity apidaecin, eater, and vitellogenin in the gut and the remaining abdomen was different among queens of different ages when inoculated with N. ceranae. All three ages of queens inoculated by N. ceranae showed upregulation of apidaecin in gut tissue 6 days after inoculation, but only in queens aged 1 day post-emergence were the differences significant. However, transcript levels of eater were increased in all three ages of queens when sampled on day 12, and significant differences were obtained in queens inoculated at 6 and 12 days post-emergence. We clearly show that immune responses to N. ceranae changes as queen age and this knowledge may provide clues for understanding the ability of queens to resist infection by this gut parasite.Nosema ceranae / honey bee queen / Apis mellifera / supersedure / immunity

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Nosema ceranaehas infectedApis melliferain Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent thanNosema apis

Cited by 363 publications

References 18 publications

Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey

Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey

Long term effects of a food supplement HiveAlive™ on honey bee colony strength and Nosema ceranae spore counts

Effects of host age on susceptibility to infection and immune gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) inoculated with Nosema ceranae

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