<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Rebound in Routine Childhood Vaccine Administration Following Decline During the COVID-19 Pandemic — New York City, March 1–June 27, 2020

Langdon-Embry, Marisa; Papadouka, Vikki; Cheng, Iris; Al‐Mashhadani, Mohammed H.; Ternier, Alexandra; Zucker, Jane R.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6930a3

Cited by 50 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…While this decrease was modest and recovered rapidly in children <24 months, it was more severe and persistent in older children. 1,9 Much of the decrease in vaccine administration was likely due to early efforts to mitigate the pandemic spread and fear of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 during health care encounters resulting in markedly decreased office encounters 4 and delayed access to care in children. 15 The attenuated decline and rapid rebound in vaccinations given to children <24 months may have reflected efforts to improve vaccine uptake that were initially focused on children <24 months as recommended by the CDC and AAP, including increased EHR tracking with outreach and reassurance about enhanced safety measures for children due for immunizations, increased inperson encounter availability, and other measures such as drive through vaccination, when feasible, at each clinic (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,7,8 Furthermore, another study found that although weekly vaccine administrations recovered to pre-pandemic levels in children <24 months of age by late May 2020, administrations in older children in 2020 remained about 1/3 fewer than they were in the same weeks in 2019. 9 Due to high levels of population immunity required to prevent outbreaks of many vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), reductions in vaccination coverage increase the risk of VPDs. 10 Consequently, monitoring vaccination coverage and the possible need to increase vaccine uptake in children is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ackerson

Glenn

et al. 2021

Pediatrics

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This is a prepublication version of an article that has undergone peer review and been accepted for publication but is not the final version of record. This paper may be cited using the DOI and date of access. This paper may contain information that has errors in facts, figures, and statements, and will be corrected in the final published version. The journal is providing an early version of this article to expedite access to this information. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the editors, and authors are not responsible for inaccurate information and data described in this version.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ackerson

Glenn

et al. 2021

Pediatrics

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“…Extra effort to ensure that children continue receiving life-saving vaccines, especially uninsured children and those insured by Medicaid, is critical. Many providers’ ability to deliver routinely recommended childhood vaccines has likely recovered following the initial impact of the pandemic ( 9 , 10 ). Health care and public health authorities can communicate with families about how vaccinations can be provided safely during the pandemic, remind parents of vaccinations that are due or overdue for their children, and administer all recommended vaccinations to children during clinic visits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2016 and 2017 — National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2017–2019

Hill

Yankey

Elam–Evans

et al. 2020

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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Immunization has been described as a "global health and development success story," and worldwide is estimated to prevent 2-3 million deaths annually.* In the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends vaccination against 14 potentially serious illnesses by the time a child reaches age 24 months (1). CDC monitors coverage with ACIP-recommended vaccines through the National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child); data from the survey were used to estimate vaccination coverage at the national, regional, state, territorial, and selected local area levels † among children born in 2016 and 2017. National coverage by age 24 months was ≥90% for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (VAR); national coverage was ≥90% for ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), although MMR coverage was <90% in 14 states. Coverage with ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine was higher for children born during 2016-2017 (58.1%) than for those born during 2014-2015 (53.8%) but was the lowest among all vaccines studied. Only 1.2% of children had received no vaccinations by age 24 months. Vaccination coverage among * https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1. † Estimates for states, selected local areas, and the territories of Guam and Puerto Rico are available online at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/ coverage/childvaxview/data-reports/index.html. Certain local areas that receive federal Section 317 immunization funds are sampled separately and included in the NIS-Child sample every year

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“…[76,77] Nine analytic studies reported on indirect health impacts of COVID-19, including impacts on emergency departments visits, trends in childhood vaccination, telehealth visits, workplace absenteeism, mental health symptoms, and characteristics associated with delay or avoidance of medical care. [78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86] One found declines in emergency care visits for heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes; [81] one found an increased prevalence of mental health symptoms; [85] one found increased absenteeism in non-healthcare essential workers; [82] and two documented an initial decline followed by a rebound in childhood vaccination rates. [78,83]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Missing Science: Epidemiological data gaps for COVID-19 policy in the United States

Bhatia

I²,

Baral

2021

Preprint

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We report on a scoping study of COVID-19 epidemiological data available for COVID-19 policy and management decisions for U.S. settings. We synthesize current US Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates for parameter of infectious transmission, infection severity, and disease burden, and summarize epidemiologic contributions to these parameters published by CDC-affiliated investigators through Oct 30, 2020. Authoritative estimates of most infectious transmission and infection severity parameters exist but rely primarily on data from studies conducted in non-U.S. populations. Estimates of secondary infection risks for household, workplace, school, or other community settings are lacking and estimates of the clinical fraction remain uncertain. The CDC reports multiple disease incidence and prevalence measures at national and state geographies, including some measures disaggregated by age group, race/ethnicity and sex; however, nationally uniform disease burden measures are not available at the sub-state level or for sub-populations defined by exposure setting, limiting opportunities for targeted interventions. CDC-affiliated investigators authored 133 quantitative studies on COVID-19 through Oct 30, 2020; however only 34 employed analytic methods. The remainder were descriptive. Of the 34 analytic studies, eleven reported on risk factors for infection, seven reported on risk factors for severe disease, three on symptomatic infections, three reported secondary infection risks, and four reported on indirect pandemic effects. Gaps remain in the epidemiological data required for an efficient and equitable public health policy response to COVID-19. The existence of these gaps one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for standardizing data collection and research priorities and protocols in the context of a rapidly emerging infectious disease epidemics.

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Notes from the Field: Rebound in Routine Childhood Vaccine Administration Following Decline During the COVID-19 Pandemic — New York City, March 1–June 27, 2020

Cited by 50 publications

References 4 publications

Pediatric Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Pediatric Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2016 and 2017 — National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2017–2019

The Missing Science: Epidemiological data gaps for COVID-19 policy in the United States

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