<i>Nothrotheriops shastensis</i>(Sinclair) from Actun Lak: First Record of Nothrotheriidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa) from Belize

Iuliis, Gerardo De; McDonald, H. Gregory; Stanchly, Norbert; Spenard, Jon; Powis, Terry G.

doi:10.5710/amgh.05.11.2014.2821

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…By contrast, De Iuliis et al . () and Vezzosi et al . () indicated that Nothrotheriinae were capable of inhabiting a much wider range of habitats and climates ranging from cold and arid to warm and humid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…states of Arizona, California and Oregon), Mexico and Belize (Akersten & McDonald ; McDonald & Jefferson ; De Iuliis et al . ) (Figs ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…), Nothrotheriops from the United States, Belize and Mexico (De Iuliis et al . ), and Nothropus from Santa Fe Province (Argentina) and Bolivia (Burmeister ; Bordas ; Quiñones et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and Nothrotheriops , recorded in the United States, Belize and Mexico (De Iuliis et al . ). For the Pleistocene of Argentina, Nothrotheriinae is recorded in Buenos Aires Province (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nothrotheriopssp. (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina: implications for the dispersion of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange

Brandoni

Vezzosi

2019

Boreas

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The aim of this contribution is to describe a femur (MCRS 199) assigned to Nothrotheriops sp. from the Late Pleistocene of Santa Fe Province (Argentina), and discuss the implications of this find in the context of the dispersal of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange. The specimen MCRS 199 is smaller than the femora referred to the North American species Nothrotheriops texanus and Nothrotheriops shastensis but shares several features with these species: (i) shape and position of the greater trochanter, (ii) development of the lesser trochanter, (iii) presence of connection between the third trochanter and the ectepicondyle, (iv) distal third of the femur wider, with ML/DW index of 1.93, and (v) location and relationship of the distal condyles. These similarities allow us to assign MCRS 199 to Nothrotheriops sp. The record of Nothrotheriops sp. from Santa Fe Province chronologically coincides with the earliest records of Nothrotheriops shastensis suggesting a broad geographical distribution of Nothrotheriops during the Late Pleistocene, ranging from 33–36°N (e.g. states of California and Arizona, USA) to 31°S (northern Salado River, Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Thus, Nothrotheriops have dispersed from North America (where Nothrotheriops has early records, Calabrian–Middle Pleistocene) to South America where localities bearing Nothrotheriops are Late Pleistocene in age. In addition, once in South America and probably during the Middle Pleistocene, Nothrotheriops probably gave rise to its sister taxon, Nothrotherium, with records from the Middle Pleistocene (e.g. 223 ka BP, northeastern Brazil) to the Late Pleistocene (e.g. 15 ka BP).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…states of Arizona, California and Oregon), Mexico and Belize (Akersten & McDonald ; McDonald & Jefferson ; De Iuliis et al . ) (Figs ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…), Nothrotheriops from the United States, Belize and Mexico (De Iuliis et al . ), and Nothropus from Santa Fe Province (Argentina) and Bolivia (Burmeister ; Bordas ; Quiñones et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and Nothrotheriops , recorded in the United States, Belize and Mexico (De Iuliis et al . ). For the Pleistocene of Argentina, Nothrotheriinae is recorded in Buenos Aires Province (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nothrotheriopssp. (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina: implications for the dispersion of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange

Brandoni

Vezzosi

2019

Boreas

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“…2,6-0,011 Ma, ICC, 2015) se reconocen tres géneros de Nothrotheriinae: (i) Nothrotherium, cuyos registros se encuentran en Brasil, Uruguay y, con dudas, en Argentina (Schulthess, 1920;Kraglievich, 1925;Hoffstetter, 1954;Paula Couto, 1971;Perea, 2007;Brandoni & McDonald, 2015); (ii) Nothropus, que se registra en Bolivia y Argentina (ver Hoffstetter, 1963;Brandoni & McDonald, 2015;Brandoni et al, 2016); y (iii) Nothrotheriops, que se encuentra representado en el Pleistoceno de los Estados Unidos, México y Belice (McDonald, 1995;McDonald & Jefferson, 2008;Akersten & McDonald, 1991, Bell et al, 2004De Iuliis et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Revisión del perezoso terrestre Nothropus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Pleistoceno de Argentina y Bolivia

Quiñones

Miño-Boilini

Zurita

2017

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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Ossification pattern of the unusual pisiform in two‐toed (Choloepus) and three‐toed sloths (Bradypus)

Gavazzi

Kjosness

Reno

2021

The Anatomical Record

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Two-toed (Choloepus sp.) and three-toed (Bradypus sp.) sloths possess short, rounded pisiforms that are rare among mammals and differ from other members of Xenarthra like the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) which retain elongated, rod-like pisiforms in common with most mammals. Using photographs, radiographs, and μCT, we assessed ossification patterns in the pisiform and the paralogous tarsal, the calcaneus, for two-toed sloths, three-toed sloths, and giant anteaters to determine the process by which pisiform reduction occurs in sloths and compare it to other previously studied examples of pisiform reduction in humans and orangutans. Both extant sloth genera achieve pisiform reduction through the loss of a secondary ossification center and the likely disruption of the associated growth plate based on an unusually porous subchondral surface. This represents a third unique mechanism of pisiform reduction among mammals, along with primary ossification center loss in humans and retention of two ossification centers with likely reduced growth periods in orangutans. Given the remarkable similarities between two-toed and three-toed sloth pisiform ossification patterns and the presence of pisiform reduction in fossil sloths, extant sloth pisiform morphology does not appear to represent a recent convergent adaptation to suspensory locomotion, but instead is likely to be an ancestral trait of Folivora that emerged early in the radiation of extant and fossil sloths.

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Nothrotheriops shastensis(Sinclair) from Actun Lak: First Record of Nothrotheriidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa) from Belize

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Nothrotheriopssp. (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina: implications for the dispersion of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange

Nothrotheriopssp. (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina: implications for the dispersion of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange

Revisión del perezoso terrestre Nothropus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Pleistoceno de Argentina y Bolivia

Ossification pattern of the unusual pisiform in two‐toed (Choloepus) and three‐toed sloths (Bradypus)

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