<i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> (tilapia) Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone: cDNA Sequence and Bioactivity

Enckevort, Frank H. J. van; Pepels, P.P.L.M.; Leunissen, J.A.M.; Martens, Gerard J.M.; Bonga, S.E. Wendelaar; Balm, P.H.M.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00434.x

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, in this area of research, only limited efforts have been made to study teleosts (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). In this study, we identified a novel, teleost-specific member of the CRH family of neuropeptides, which we designated teleocortin (Tcn).…”

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Teleocortin: A Novel Member of the CRH Family in Teleost Fish

et al. 2015

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The CRH family of neuropeptides, including CRH and urocortins, plays pivotal roles in the regulation of physiological and behavioral stress responses in vertebrates. In this study, we identified a previously undescribed member of the CRH family of peptides in a teleost fish species (medaka; Oryzias latipes) and named this peptide teleocortin (Tcn). Medaka Tcn is a 41-amino acid polypeptide derived from the C terminus of a larger precursor protein that is encoded by a 2-exon gene, thus sharing common structural features with known CRH family peptides. tcn was found exclusively in teleost fish. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that tcn probably has an ancient origin but was lost from the tetrapod lineage shortly after the divergence of the teleost and tetrapod lineages. In the medaka brain, tcn was expressed in nuclei of the telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, tegmentum, and isthmic region. Because none of these nuclei have been implicated in the control of ACTH secretion from the pituitary, Tcn may exert its effects centrally in the brain rather than via stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis. Most, if not all, tcn-expressing neurons also expressed crh, suggesting that Tcn and Crh share common physiological functions. Moreover, Tcn activated Crh receptors 1 and 2 with equivalent or slightly higher potency than Crh, further suggesting that these peptides share common functions. Taken together, these data identified Tcn as a novel, teleost-specific member of the CRH family of peptides that may act centrally with Crh to regulate physiological and behavioral stress responses.

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Teleocortin: A Novel Member of the CRH Family in Teleost Fish

et al. 2015

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“…In amphibians, TRH stimulates pituitary TSH release moderately in adult frogs but not in tadpoles, and it also induces PRL and GH secretion effectively (10,(21)(22)(23). Interestingly, CRH, a well-known ACTH-releasing factor in mammals (24,25), has been demonstrated to act as a TSH-releasing factor (TRF) in chickens, amphibians, and teleosts (16, 21, 26 -30), in addition to its classic action on pituitary ACTH secretion (9,16,29,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). In view of the fact that TRH and CRH can stimulate the secretion of multiple pituitary hormones in chickens and other lower vertebrates, it raises an intriguing, but fundamental, question, whether a hypothalamic releasing factor specific for TSH secretion exists and functions in nonmammalian vertebrates, such as in chickens.…”

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Glucagon-Like Peptide (GCGL) Is a Novel Potential TSH-Releasing Factor (TRF) in Chickens: I) Evidence for Its Potent and Specific Action on Stimulating TSH mRNA Expression and Secretion in the Pituitary

Huang

Meng

et al. 2014

Endocrinology

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Our recent study proposed that the novel glucagon-like peptide (GCGL), encoded by a glucagon-like gene identified in chickens and other lower vertebrates, is likely a hypophysiotropic factor in nonmammalian vertebrates. To test this hypothesis, in this study, we investigated the GCGL action on chicken pituitaries. The results showed that: 1) GCGL, but not TRH, potently and specifically stimulates TSH secretion in intact pituitaries incubated in vitro or in cultured pituitary cells monitored by Western blotting or a cell-based luciferase reporter assay; 2) GCGL (0.1nM-10nM) dose dependently induces the mRNA expression of TSHβ but not 5 other hormone genes in cultured pituitary cells examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, an action likely mediated by intracellular adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A and phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/Ca(2+) signaling pathways coupled to GCGL receptor (GCGLR); 3) GCGLR mRNA is mainly localized in pituitary cephalic lobe demonstrated by in situ hybridization, where TSH-cells reside, further supporting a direct action of GCGL on thyrotrophs. The potent and specific action of GCGL on pituitary TSH expression and secretion, together with the partial accordance shown among the temporal expression profiles of GCGL in the hypothalamus and GCGLR and TSHβ in the pituitary, provides the first collective evidence that hypothalamic GCGL is most likely to be a novel TSH-releasing factor functioning in chickens. The discovery of this novel potential TSH-releasing factor (GCGL) in a nonmammalian vertebrate species, ie, chickens, would facilitate our comprehensive understanding of the hypothalamic control of pituitary-thyroid axis across vertebrates.

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“…For the ontogeny experiment, samples were taken from embryos on d 16,18, and 20 of the incubation (E16, E18, and E20) and from 1-d-old chicks (C1). Blood was collected after heart puncture/decapitation and centrifuged at 1800 ϫ g at 4 C for 15 min.…”

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Molecular Cloning and Developmental Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Chicken

et al. 2005

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We have characterized the structure of the chicken corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene through cDNA cloning and genomic sequence analysis, and we analyzed the expression of CRF mRNA and peptide in the diencephalon of the chick throughout embryonic development. The structure of the chicken CRF gene is similar to other vertebrate CRF genes and contains two exons and a single intron. The primary structure of the mature chicken CRF peptide is identical to human and rat CRF. This is the first archosaurian CRF gene to be characterized. We used RIAs to analyze CRF peptide content in the diencephalon and the median eminence and plasma corticosterone during the last week of embryonic development. We also developed a semiquantitative RT-PCR method to analyze the expression of CRF mRNA during the same period. CRF peptide content in the diencephalon increased, whereas peptide content in the ME decreased just before hatching, suggesting that release and biosynthesis are coupled. Plasma corticosterone concentration significantly increased between embryonic d 20 and the first day post hatch. By contrast, CRF mRNA levels in the diencephalon decreased just before hatching. Changes in CRF production just before hatching may be causally related to the regulation of the thyroid and interrenal axes at this stage of chicken development.

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Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia) Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone: cDNA Sequence and Bioactivity

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

Teleocortin: A Novel Member of the CRH Family in Teleost Fish

Teleocortin: A Novel Member of the CRH Family in Teleost Fish

Glucagon-Like Peptide (GCGL) Is a Novel Potential TSH-Releasing Factor (TRF) in Chickens: I) Evidence for Its Potent and Specific Action on Stimulating TSH mRNA Expression and Secretion in the Pituitary

Molecular Cloning and Developmental Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Chicken

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