Orobanche cernua Loefling Attenuates Ultraviolet B‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Abstract

UV radiation is the primary cause of skin photoaging, which results in an increase in matrix metalloproteinases and degradation of collagen. Developing new natural antioxidant as photoprotective agents has become a popular area of research. Orobanche cernua Loefling is a parasitic plant that is rich in phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs). This study investigated the photoprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Orobanche cernua Loefling (OC) and its principal component acteoside on UVB-induced photoaging as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Biological testing demonstrated that OC and acteoside possessed significant photoprotective activities, reducing MMP and IL-6 levels while improving type-I procollagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated NHDFs. Further study showed that the protective mechanisms were the improvement of transcription factor Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defensive system, suppression of MAPK/AP-1 and activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Together, our results suggested that OC might be a promising antiphotoaging agent against UV radiation-induced skin damage.

Exosome Derived from ADSCs Attenuates Ultraviolet B‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)‐adult were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (Cat.2320, Carlsbad, CA). As described in our previous study, the cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% heat‐inactivated FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (18). The HDFs cells that we have used in our experiments were no more than the 10 th cell passage.…”

Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases

“…Photoaging is a process mainly triggered by ultraviolet radiation from chronic sun exposure that leads to DNA damage and the production of reactive oxygen species, which both promote inflammation [ 159 ] and result in increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen degradation [ 160 ]. Retinoids have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of the photoaged skin.…”

Genuine and Sequestered Natural Products from the Genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae, Lamiales)

“…Gao et al found O. cernua extract and acteoside ( 10 ) to exhibit strong scavenging effects with IC 50 values of 56.3 µg/mL and 20.6 µg/mL, respectively. No standard deviations of the measured values were given [ 100 ]. Antioxidant activities of O. crenata and O. foetida methanolic and aqueous extracts was tested by Abbes et al using DPPH and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity assays.…”

“…Levels of cytoprotective agents HO-1 and NQO-1 were increased by O. cernua extract and acteoside, hereby increasing protection against UVB-induced oxidative stress through activation of the cutaneous endogenous antioxidant system. UVB-induced enhacement of Smad7 expression and decrease of Smad2/phosphorylation were reversed by O. cernua extract and acteoside ( 10 ), and TGF-β1 expression was enhanced, hereby repairing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and enhancing type-I procollagen synthesis [ 100 ]. (No standard deviations of the measured values described above were indicated.)…”

“…Compound classes detected in the analyzed species comprise aromatic aldehydes, ketones and phenylmethanoids ( Figure 1 ), phenylethanoids ( Figure 2 ), phenylethanoid glycosides ( Figure 3 ), phenylpropanoid glycosides ( Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 ), phenolic acids ( Figure 9 ), lignans ( Figure 10 and Figure 11 ), flavonoids ( Figure 12 and Figure 13 ), a tropone derivative ( Figure 14 ), and sterols ( Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19 and Figure 20 ). Investigations on biological activities of Orobanche extracts and isolated pure secondary metabolites from Orobanche species show a wide variety of effects, e.g., antibacterial and antifungal activities [ 35 , 46 , 98 ], inhibition of amyloid-β-aggregation [ 45 , 46 ] or photoprotection against UVB-irradiation [ 100 ]. Orobanche are not only destructive weeds, but might also be a source of active agents against several diseases, in particular against fungal and bacterial, and inflammatory diseases, correlated with ROS production.…”