<i>P</i> Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 1. Crust and Upper Mantle

Toyokuni, Genti; Matsuno, T.; Zhao, Dapeng

doi:10.1029/2020jb019837

Cited by 16 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth the N-S direction through Iceland, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard obtained by Toyokuni et al (2020) and this study. Toyokuni et al (2020) revealed clear separation of the Iceland, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard plumes in the upper mantle as well as connection of these three plumes in the MTZ, forming a widespread low-Vp anomaly.…”

Section: 1029/2020jb019839supporting

confidence: 50%

“…In this study, the position of the station SUMG (−38.461°, 72.574°) on the summit of the GrIS is defined as the reference point. The details of the coordinate transformation are given in Appendix A of Toyokuni et al (2020). As a result, the study region is moved to the equatorial region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 10a shows a comparison of vertical cross sections in Figure 10. Vertical cross sections and map views showing main tectonic features in the study region and comparison between the global tomography (this study) and the regional tomography (Toyokuni et al, 2020). (a-e) Vertical cross sections along five profiles as shown in map views (f).…”

Section: Consistency With Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this connection is also supported by the results by Rickers et al (2013) (Figure 11c). Toyokuni et al (2020) suggested that the Iceland, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard plumes merge in the MTZ, and therefore, the main conduit of the Greenland plume might mix with the Iceland plume. Consequently, the Iceland plume may be fed by three sources of hot mantle materials, that is, the connection to the main conduit and SE branch of the Greenland plume, and to another plume beneath Western Europe.…”

Section: 1029/2020jb019839mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an international project titled "Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network (GLISN)," initiated in 2009, drastically improved the spatial coverage of seismic stations in and around Greenland (Clinton et al, 2014;Toyokuni et al, 2014). Currently, data from 34 GLISN broadband seismic stations including four on the GrIS are available (see Table S1 in the supporting information and Figure 1 of Toyokuni et al, 2020). In the past several years, seismological investigations of the structure beneath Greenland and surrounding regions have been actively conducted using the GLISN data (e.g., Darbyshire et al, 2018;Lebedev et al, 2017;Levshin et al, 2017;Mordret, 2018;Mordret et al, 2016;Pourpoint et al, 2018;Rickers et al, 2013;Toyokuni et al, 2018Toyokuni et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 2. Lower Mantle

2020

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We study the 3-D P wave velocity (Vp) structure of the whole mantle beneath Greenland and surrounding regions using the latest P wave arrival time data. We use a new method of global seismic tomography by setting 3-D grid nodes densely in the study volume to enhance the resolution. We invert~5.6 million arrival times of P, pP, and PP waves from 16,257 earthquakes extracted from the ISC-EHB catalog, which were recorded at 12,549 seismic stations in the world. Our results reveal a hot plume rising from the core-mantle boundary beneath central Greenland, which is called the Greenland plume. This plume has the main conduit and two branches in the lower mantle, and the main conduit rises to the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath eastern Greenland, so it is distinguishable from the Iceland plume that appears to rise from a midmantle depth (~1,500 km) beneath Iceland. The Iceland plume itself is a powerful plume, but it may also be fed by hot mantle materials from three joints with other plumes: a branch of the Greenland plume at~1,500 km depth, a plume beneath Western Europe at~1,000 km depth, and the main conduit of the Greenland plume at the MTZ, leading to many active volcanoes in Iceland. We deem that the main conduit of the Greenland plume mixes with the Iceland plume incompletely and splits mainly into the Jan Mayen and Svalbard plumes in the upper mantle, which supply magma to the Jan Mayen hotspot and a geothermal area in western Svalbard, respectively. Plain Language Summary Greenland and its surrounding regions have many clues for understanding global-scale tectonics of the Earth. Seismic tomography is a well-established method for obtaining 3-D images of the underground structure by inverting a large number of seismic wave arrival times. We obtain detailed tomographic images of the whole mantle beneath Greenland and adjacent regions using the latest dataset. Our high-resolution results show that the so-called Iceland plume could be composed of two plumes. One is located directly beneath Iceland but rising from~1,500 km depth, which we call the Iceland plume. The other is rising from the core-mantle boundary beneath central Greenland, which we call the Greenland plume. The Greenland plume has the main conduit and two branches in the lower mantle, and the main conduit rises to the mantle transition zone beneath eastern Greenland. Although the Iceland plume itself is a powerful plume, it may also have three joints with other plumes: the main conduit and a branch of the Greenland plume, and a plume beneath Western Europe, resulting in many active volcanoes in Iceland. The main conduit of the Greenland plume may also supply magmas to the Jan Mayen hotspot and a geothermal area in western Svalbard.

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Section: 1029/2020jb019839supporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consistency With Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1029/2020jb019839mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 2. Lower Mantle

2020

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Extraction and applications of Rayleigh wave ellipticity in polar regions

et al. 2022

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Seismic Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurements are the horizontal-to-vertical ratio of the Rayleigh wave particle motion, and are sensitive to the subsurface structure beneath a seismic station. H/V ratios measured from the ambient vibrations of the Earth are being increasingly used in glaciological applications to determine glacier and ice sheet thickness, seismic velocities and firn properties. Using the newly developed degree-of-polarisation (DOP-E) method which exploits the polarisation properties of seismic noise, we identify and extract Rayleigh waves from seismic stations in Greenland, and relate them to sea ice processes and the geology of the upper crust. Finally, we provide some suggestions for future applications of DOP-E method to gain greater insight into seasonal and long-term variability of sea ice formation and breakup as well as the monitoring of ice sheet thickness, subglacial environment and firn layers in the poles.

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Multi‐Layer Seismic Anisotropy Beneath Greenland

Nathan

Hariharan

Florez

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Nearly all of Greenland's bedrock geology is inaccessible because it is covered by the Greenland Ice Sheet. Therefore, geophysical investigations are especially important in furthering our understanding of Greenland's subglacial lithospheric structure. Greenland is a region of interest as its lithosphere contains cratonic material and records the history of Archean, Proterozoic, and Paleozoic orogenies and could provide insight into the history of the Iceland plume (e.g., Henriksen et al., 2009). The majority of Greenland is Precambrian and has been modified by multiple tectonic (orogenic and rifting) events (e.g., Henriksen et al., 2009). Of particular note is the Trans-Hudson Orogeny, which was a widespread set of plate collisions that helped to build Laurentia around 1.8 Ga (e.g., St-Onge et al., 2009). Orogenic belts from this event can be found across North America; in Greenland, this includes the Rinkian and Nagssugtoqidian belts that bound major crustal blocks (e.g.

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P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 1. Crust and Upper Mantle

Cited by 16 publications

References 89 publications

P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 2. Lower Mantle

P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 2. Lower Mantle

Extraction and applications of Rayleigh wave ellipticity in polar regions

Multi‐Layer Seismic Anisotropy Beneath Greenland

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