<i>Parachlamydia acanthamoebae</i>Infection and Abortion in Small Ruminants

Ruhl, Silke; Goy, Geneviève; Casson, Nicola; Thoma, Rudolf; Pospischil, Andreas; Greub, Gilbert; Borel, Nicole

doi:10.3201/eid1412.080582

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Parachlamydia was already detected in bovine (13.4%, 46/343), 4 ovine, and caprine abortions (0.9%, 2/211). 29 In the present investigation, 2 coinfections with E. coli could be detected, as well as a mixed infection with PPV. In these cases, it remains unclear which pathogen caused the abortion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…4 Double infections with Parachlamydia and C. abortus in ovine abortions have been reported as well. 29 In conclusion, it remains unclear if Parachlamydia can be considered as a new abortigenic agent in pigs, as very high Ct values were obtained by realtime PCR (ranging from 37.8 to 43.6). Furthermore, only in 2 fetuses could the PCR products be confirmed by the Chlamydiales-specific real-time PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chlamydiaceae family, Parachlamydia spp., and Waddlia spp. in porcine abortion

et al. 2012

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At present, despite extensive laboratory investigations, most cases of porcine abortion remain without an etiological diagnosis. Due to a lack of recent data on the abortigenic effect of order Chlamydiales, 286 fetuses and their placentae of 113 abortion cases (1-5 fetuses per abortion case) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for family Chlamydiaceae and selected Chlamydia-like organisms such as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Waddlia chondrophila. In 0.35% of the cases (1/286 fetuses), the Chlamydiaceae real-time PCR was positive. In the Chlamydiaceae-positive fetus, Chlamydia abortus was detected by a commercial microarray and 16S ribosomal RNA PCR followed by sequencing. The positive fetus had a Porcine circovirus-2 coinfection. By the Parachlamydia real-time PCR, 3.5% (10/286 fetuses of 9 abortion cases) were questionable positive (threshold cycle values: 35.0-45.0). In 2 of these 10 cases, a confirmation by Chlamydiales-specific real-time PCR was possible. All samples tested negative by the Waddlia real-time PCR. It seems unlikely that Chlamydiaceae, Parachlamydia, and Waddlia play an important role as abortigenic agents in Swiss sows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chlamydiaceae family, Parachlamydia spp., and Waddlia spp. in porcine abortion

et al. 2012

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“…Serological and molecular studies have implicated some species in various human and animal infections. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae is associated with human pneumonia (6,12,26,27) and might cause bovine abortions (5,38,39), and Simkania negevensis might be responsible for respiratory infections, especially in children (18,20,22,28,32,33,35), whereas Waddlia chondrophila has been reported to cause abortion in bovines (14,40) and is strongly suspected to cause miscarriage in humans (3,4). Some of these newly discovered Chlamydia-related bacteria that resist digestion by several environmental amoebae are also resistant to professional phagocytes of the innate immune system such as macrophages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a New Chlamydiales-Specific Real-Time PCR and Its Application to Respiratory Clinical Samples

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Originally composed of the single family Chlamydiaceae, the Chlamydiales order has extended considerably over the last several decades. Chlamydia-related bacteria were added and classified into six different families and family-level lineages: the Criblamydiaceae, Parachlamydiaceae, Piscichlamydiaceae, Rhabdochlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae, and Waddliaceae. While several members of the Chlamydiaceae family are known pathogens, recent studies showed diverse associations of Chlamydia-related bacteria with human and animal infections. Some of these latter bacteria might be of medical importance since, given their ability to replicate in free-living amoebae, they may also replicate efficiently in other phagocytic cells, including cells of the innate immune system. Thus, a new Chlamydiales-specific real-time PCR targeting the conserved 16S rRNA gene was developed. This new molecular tool can detect at least five DNA copies and show very high specificity without cross-amplification from other bacterial clade DNA. The new PCR was validated with 128 clinical samples positive or negative for Chlamydia trachomatis or C. pneumoniae. Of 65 positive samples, 61 (93.8%) were found to be positive with the new PCR. The four discordant samples, retested with the original test, were determined to be negative or below detection limits. Then, the new PCR was applied to 422 nasopharyngeal swabs taken from children with or without pneumonia; a total of 48 (11.4%) samples were determined to be positive, and 45 of these were successfully sequenced. The majority of the sequences corresponded to Chlamydia-related bacteria and especially to members of the Parachlamydiaceae family.The Chlamydiales order contains obligate intracellular bacteria separated in 7 different families and family-level lineages, the Chlamydiaceae, the Criblamydiaceae, the Parachlamydiaceae, the Piscichlamydiaceae, the Rhabdochlamydiaceae, the Simkaniaceae, and the Waddliaceae (16,(23)(24)(25). Some of these bacteria are established pathogens and, for instance, Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae from the Chlamydiaceae family can cause significant human infections. The other families constitute a group called Chlamydia-related bacteria (also referred to as Chlamydia-like organisms), which has been yet poorly investigated. Like the Chlamydiaceae, these Chlamydia-related bacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria that also exhibit a biphasic developmental cycle. Serological and molecular studies have implicated some species in various human and animal infections. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae is associated with human pneumonia (6,12,26,27) and might cause bovine abortions (5, 38, 39), and Simkania negevensis might be responsible for respiratory infections, especially in children (18,20,22,28,32,33,35), whereas Waddlia chondrophila has been reported to cause abortion in bovines (14,40) and is strongly suspected to cause miscarriage in humans (3, 4). Some of these newly discovered Chlamydia-related bacteria that resist digestion by several environmental am...

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“…43 Placentitis induced by Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, a zoonotic agent, has been reported by researchers in Switzerland. 44 34 Microscopic characteristics of necrotizing placentitis caused by P. acanthamoebae are similar to those of C. abortus infection.…”

Section: Chlamydophila Abortus (Chlamydiosis Enzootic Abortion)mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…7,41 Concomitant infections with C. abortus and C. burnetii are repeatedly reported. 44 Parachlamydiaceae is a family in order Chlamydiales, which also includes families Chlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae, and Waddliaceae. 43 Placentitis induced by Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, a zoonotic agent, has been reported by researchers in Switzerland.…”

Section: Chlamydophila Abortus (Chlamydiosis Enzootic Abortion)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theriogenology of Sheep and Goats

Edmondson,

Roberts,

Baird

et al. 2012

Sheep and Goat Medicine

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Parachlamydia acanthamoebaeInfection and Abortion in Small Ruminants

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Chlamydiaceae family, Parachlamydia spp., and Waddlia spp. in porcine abortion

Chlamydiaceae family, Parachlamydia spp., and Waddlia spp. in porcine abortion

Development of a New Chlamydiales-Specific Real-Time PCR and Its Application to Respiratory Clinical Samples

Theriogenology of Sheep and Goats

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