Paracoccus

Abstract

Pa.ra.coc' cus . Gr. prep. para like, alongside of; Gr. n. coccus a grain, berry; M.L. masc. n. Paracoccus like a coccus. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Paracoccus Spherical cells 0.5–0.9 µm in diameter or very short rod‐shaped cells 1.1–1.3 µm in diameter. Occur singly , in pairs , or in small clusters . Usually not encapsulated. Gram negative . Nonspore‐forming and nonmotile. Aerobic with a strictly respiratory metabolism . N ‐ oxides such as nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide can be used as terminal electron acceptors for respiration under anaerobic conditions. Nitrate is reduced to N 2 via nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide (denitrification). Oxidase and catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic growth occurs with a wide variety of organic compounds as carbon source. Chemolithoautotrophic growth occurs with CO 2 as carbon source, and H 2 , methanol, methylamine, or thiosulfate as the electron‐donating free‐energy source. Occur in water , soil , sewage , and sludge . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 64–67. Type species : Paracoccus denitrificans (Beijerinck and Minkman 1910) Davis 1969, 384 emend. Rainey, Kelly, Stackebrandt, Burghardt, Hiraishi, Kaayama and Wood 1999, 650 ( Micrococcus denitrificans Beijerinck and Minkman 1910, 53.)

Diversity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in a simultaneously nitrifying and denitrifying rotating biological contactor treating real wastewater at low temperatures

“…Most of the phylotypes affiliated with denitrifiers (14 of 17) were more abundant in the RBC biofilm than in the activated sludge samples ( Table 2). The phylotypes affiliated with the genera Leucobacter, Paracoccus (van Spanning et al 2015), Thermomonas (McIlroy et al 2016, Haliscomenobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Thauera (Liu et al 2013;Heider & Fuchs 2015), Comamonas, and Kaistia ( Jin et al 2012) were found in the RBC biofilm at an abundance of one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in the activated sludge samples. The relative abundances of the phylotypes affiliated with the genera Rhodobacter, Acidovorax, Haliangium, and Bacillus were five or six times higher in the RBC biofilm than in the activated sludge samples.…”

“…Many of the 16S rRNA gene sequences in the RBC biofilm were associated with denitrifying and nitrate-utilizing bacteria. The most abundant phylotypes were related to the genera Rhodobacter (relative abundance: 3.9%), Zoogloea (relative abundance: 1.9%), and Leucobacter (relative abundance: 1.9%), whose members are capable of denitrification (Weon et al 2012;Bellini et al 2013;Graf et al 2014;Unz 2015). Acidovorax, Hydrogenophaga, and Comamonas (sum of relative abundances: 2.8%), which belong to Comamonadaceae, are well-known abundant phylotypes in activated sludge, many species capable of heterotrophic denitrification (Graf et al .…”

Harnessing taxonomically diverse and metabolically versatile genus Paracoccus for bioplastic synthesis and xenobiotic biodegradation

“…The members of this genus are widely reported with distinct physiological features like halophilic nature, broad pH range and capable of surviving using varied growth modes namely aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration utilizing nitrate, heterotrophic growth on organic compounds and chemolithoautotrophic growth on hydrogen/ferrous ions or reduced sulfur compound (Spanning et al, 2015). Often substrate utilization and growth parameters are of paramount importance thus, understanding the physiology will aid in prospective utilization of these isolates for health and environment‐related applications.…”

Paracoccus salsus sp. nov., a novel slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from saline lake sediment

“…Some species of the genus are halophilic or halotolerant. The taxonomic name of the genus Paracoccus originated from the cell morphology, as strains in the genus are often coccoid [6, 8]. All members of the genus Paracoccus contain Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone [4, 5, 7, 9, 10] and the genome size ranges from 3.0 to 5.3 Mb.…”