Parquetina nigrescens and Spondias mombin protects against neurochemical alterations in the scopolamine model of cognitive dysfunction

Abstract

Natural plants which are effective in Alzheimer's disease (AD) management are of pharmacological importance, though there is little or no scientific proof for most of their claims. This study sought to evaluate the effect of Hog plum (Spondias mombin) and Ogbo (Parquetina nigrescens) leaves extracts on antioxidant levels and activities of key enzymes linked to cognitive function in scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunctioned rats. Rats were pretreated with S. mombin (SM) and P. nigrescens (PN) leaves extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg), donepezil (5 mg/kg) for 2 weeks via oral administration before induction of memory impairment via single i.p. administration of scopolamine (3 mg/kg body weight). Experimental rats were subjected to behavioral tests to check for cognitive performance before experiment termination. The activities of hippocampal key enzymes linked to cognitive function were determined. Results showed that pretreatment with SM and PN prevented the cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine. Furthermore, increased cholinesterases, adenosine deaminase (ADA), ATP hydrolysis, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and arginase activities induced by scopolamine were significantly reduced in rats treated with SM and PN leaves extract.Additionally, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels observed in scopolamine-induced rats were reduced significantly in SM-and PN-pretreated rats. Decreased AMP hydrolysis, and nitric oxide and antioxidant level induced by scopolamine were prevented in pretreated rats. This study concluded that SM and PN leave extract effectiveness in cognitive management may be due to their high antioxidant activities and neuromodulatory effects on key enzymes linked to AD.

The Addictive and Neurotoxicological Evaluation of Cannabis sativa, male Carica papaya, Nicotiana tabacum and Datura stramonium Alkaloid Extracts via Neuroinflammatory, Neurotransmitter and Oxidative Systems

“…Observed E-NTPDase activity in this study is suggestive of elevated ATP hydrolysis, an indication of depleted bioenergetics(Leong et al 2020). Also, the elevation of E-NTPDase activity resulting in reduced cAMP formation, information loss and cognitive dysfunction have also been established(Ademosun et al, 2022). Contra-wise, the inhibition of ecto-5'-nucleotidase and E-NTPDase activities by AEDS have been postulated to induce neurotoxicity via excessive inhibition of purinergic neurotransmission systems, a cascade that has proven more neurotoxic than that experienced with overstimulation of the adrenergic neurotransmission system (Fasakin et al, 2021).…”

Biometabolites of Citrus unshiu Peel Enhance Intestinal Permeability and Alter Gut Commensal Bacteria

“…In recent years, natural extracts have been used as therapeutic agents worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Most of them have antimicrobial activities against external pathogens [ 6 , 7 ] and are being used to treat various diseases, such as acute gastroenteritis [ 8 ], diabetes mellitus [ 9 ], and obesity [ 10 ] in clinical trials.…”