Paurodontella parapitica n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Kermanshah Province, Western Iran

Abstract

Paurodontella parapitica n. sp., collected from the rhizosphere of an apple tree in Kermanshah province, western Iran, is described. The new species is characterized by a body length of 505 to 723 mm (females) and 480 to 600 mm (males), lip region continuous by depression; 7 to 8 mm broad, 3 to 4 mm high, stylet length 7 to 9 mm or 1 to 1.3 times the lip region diameter, short postuterine sac of 4 to 6 mm long, lateral fields with five to six incisures; outer incisures crenated and inner incisures weakly crenated, excretory pore situated 90 to 100 mm from anterior end; functional males common in the population, with spicules 24 to 26 mm long. Tail of both sexes similar, almost straight and elongate-conoid. The new species resembles in morphology and morphometrics to four known species of the genus, namely P. apitica, P. minuta, P. myceliophaga, and P. sohailai. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of D2/D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA gene revealed this genus is polyphyletic in four different clades in Tylenchid.

Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontoides siddiqii n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) associated with bark samples of Pinus eldarica from western Iran

“…Recently, molecular markers and phylogenetic inferences have been proven to be an effective method of delimiting species of the complex and morphologically conserved sphaerularioid group members (Yaghoubi et al ., 2014; Golhasan et al ., 2016; Miraeiz et al ., 2015; Esmaeili et al ., 2016a, b, 2017). According to our 18S and partial 28S trees (figs 3 and 4) and other previous studies (Koshel et al ., 2014; Yaghoubi et al ., 2014; Miraeiz et al , 2015; Esmaeili et al ., 2016a, b, 2017; Golhasan et al ., 2016; Mobasseri et al ., 2017), most genera and families of Hexatylina are not monophyletic, using rDNA sequences; however, the molecular sequences are not available for most representatives of this suborder ( sensu Siddiqi, 2000).…”

“…Bioengineering, UC San Diego, CA). Outgroup taxa for each dataset were chosen according to previous study (Esmaeili et al ., 2016a). The model of base substitution was selected using MODELTEST version 3.06 (Posada and Crandall, 1998) based on the Akaike criterion (Arnold, 2010).…”

“…Siddiqi (1986, 2000) considered Paurodontoides as a valid genus and proposed the family Paurodontidae Thorne, 1941 as a junior synonym of Sphaerulariidae Lubbock, 1861. Some nematologists accepted Siddiqi's opinion (Chizhov, 2004; Andrássy, 2007; Handoo et al ., 2010; Esmaeili et al ., 2016 a, b; Golhasan et al ., 2016). According to the classification by Siddiqi (2000), Paurodontoides is a member of the subfamily Paurodontinae Thorne, 1941 belonging to the family Paurodontidae, in superfamily Sphaerularioidea Lubbock, 1861.…”

Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontella composticola n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) from Iran

“…The genus Paurodontella (Husain and Khan, 1968) is a diverse and worldwide distributed Paurodontid taxon. To date, Paurodontella contains 14 nominal species (Handoo et al, 2010;Esmaeili et al, 2016b;Yaghoubi et al, 2018), including P. aberrans (Nandakumar and Khera, 1969;Sumenkova, 1975), P. apitica (Thorne, 1941;Husain and Khan, 1968), P. asymmetricus (Tikyani and Khera, 1968;Sumenkova, 1975), P. densa (Thorne, 1941;Husain and Khan, 1968), P. minuta (Husain and Khan, 1968), P. niger (Thorne, 1941;Husain and Khan, 1968), P. sohaili (Maqbool, 1982), P. auriculata (Anderson, 1985), P. balochistani-ca (Handoo et al, 2010), P. myceliophaga (Handoo et al, 2010), P. iranica (Golhasan et al, 2016), P. persica (Esmaeili et al, 2017a), P. parapitica (Esmaeili et al, 2016b), and P. gilanica (Yaghoubi et al, 2018). Among these, P. iranica, P. persica, P. gilanica and P. parapitica were described from Iran.…”

“…In this study, Siddiqi's (2000) scheme was followed. A history of the taxonomic studies on members of the superfamily Sphaerularioidea and a list of species occurring in Iran were given by Esmaeili et al (2016b). In order to study the species diversity of this superfamily in Iran, we conducted several samplings in cultivated and natural areas of Iran during August 2017 and, as a result, a population of a Paurodontella species has been found in compost from a few places where mushrooms failed to grow.…”