Photoemissive Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Uses

Abstract

This is probably tho fint book on the subject after tho well known work by Hugh.. and DuBridge_ The author a well known worker in tbe field hu COllected in a single vDlume all relevant infomotion. on photoem".i .. materials which bave aD long been scattered in different Journa'._ Tho book i. mainly devoted to tho te<hnology of the subject though tbeoretifal •• pcct. have also been qualitatively disc ... ed_ Finally the book ""ntlin. an .. collent UP~ date bibliography on pholoem ... ive mate"al.. It will he an useful refereneo book for I workers in the field.

Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies

“…Also, it has been reported that the combination of K 2 CsSb grown on Si(100) was used as photocathode in a photoinjector 7 and the conductivity of the p-type Si-wafer simplifies the quantum efficiency measurement. Cathodes were grown following the recipe described by Sommer for the preparation of photomultiplier tubes (PMT), 8 where the sequence of evaporation starts with the antimony deposition onto the substrate, and subsequent alkali evaporations are performed sequentially, first potassium and then cesium. Antimony is evaporated from PtSb beads while the substrate is held at 100 • C and alkalis from Alvatec ® sources while the substrate temperature is held at 135 • C. The QE at 532 nm is monitored during alkali deposition, and once a plateau is reached, the evaporation is stopped.…”

Dynamics of surface melting. Final report for period 1 September, 1993 - 30 April, 1996

“…Research on photwathode materials has a venerable tradition, dating back to the optimization of photomultipliers earlier this century [Sommer, 1968;Cardona and Ley, 1978]. The operating characteristics of a laser driven electron gun are, however, very different from the requirements of photomultipliers, motivating a renewal search for photocathode materials.…”

Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement

“…However, in order to accomplish an original and straightforward experiment, we chose Ag-O-Cs cathode material. Ag-O-Cs has the lowest work function among all the known thermal electron materials, about 0.8 eV, and is currently optimum in maximizing thermal electron emission at room temperature [6] . We adopted this material and let the tube and the whole closed circuit shown in In this experiment, the tube plays the role of an electric power source, and the load of the power source may be a resistor or a reversible battery.…”