<i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> A1: An ancient resident of New Guinea and Australia of Gondwanan origin?

Arentz, F.

doi:10.1111/efp.12342

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Most of the diseases presented in this review are caused by exotic invasive Phytophthora pathogens with a clear link between the ‘plants-for-planting’ pathway and subsequent impacts in natural ecosystems ( Jules et al 2002 , Jung & Blaschke 2004 , Brasier 2008 , Chadfield & Pautasso 2012 , Jung et al 2016 ). There is an accumulating body of indirect and partly also direct evidences that P. cinnamomi , P. lateralis , P. plurivora and P. ramorum originate from Southeast and eastern Asia ( Shearer & Tippett 1989 , Brasier et al 1993 , 2010 , 2012 , Chang et al 1996 , Hansen et al 2000 , 2012 , Jung et al 2000 , 2016 , 2017a , b , c , Rizzo et al 2002 , Shearer et al 2004 , Goss et al 2009 , Hardham 2005 , Jung 2009 , Jung & Burgess 2009 , Brasier & Webber 2010 , Webber et al 2010 , 2012 , Franceschini et al 2014 , Arentz 2017 ). Also for P. agathidicida in New Zealand P. austrocedri in Argentina and the UK, P. acerina and P. cactorum in Europe, P. elongata in Australia, P. kernoviae in the UK, P. multivora in Australia and Europe, P. pinifolia in Chile, P. × cambivora in Europe and North America, and for the parents of P. × alni , i.e., P. × multiformis and P. uniformis , the high aggressiveness to native woody species, low genetic variability of pathogen populations and co-existence with healthy native vegetation in other continents, respectively, indicate exotic origin ( Crandall et al 1945 , Jung et al 2000 , 2002 , 2003b , 2016 , 2017b , c , Brasier & Kirk 2001 , Vettraino et al 2001 , 2005 , Jung & Blaschke 2004 , 2006 , Brasier et al 2005 , Greslebin et al 2007 , 2010 , Saavedra et al 2007 , ...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of large-scale dieback of forests might be explained by the constantly warm and humid climate which is favouring the trees more than P. cinnamomi , or indicate long-term coevolution between the flora and the pathogen, which could have spread from New Guinea to Queensland via a landbridge during the pleistocene. However, the presence of the A1 mating type at only four of the 646 sites infested by P. cinnamomi does not support the latter hypothesis, since in Papua New Guinea the A1 mating type is more widespread and considered an ancient introduction whereas the A2 mating type was most likely introduced in modern times ( Arentz 1983 , 2017 , Arentz & Simpson 1986 ).…”

Section: Soilborne Phytophthora Diseases In Forests and Woodlandsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands

Jung

Pérez‐Sierra

Durán³

et al. 2018

persoonia

161

208

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Most members of the oomycete genus Phytophthora are primary plant pathogens. Both soil- and airborne Phytophthora species are able to survive adverse environmental conditions with enduring resting structures, mainly sexual oospores, vegetative chlamydospores and hyphal aggregations. Soilborne Phytophthora species infect fine roots and the bark of suberized roots and the collar region with motile biflagellate zoospores released from sporangia during wet soil conditions. Airborne Phytophthora species infect leaves, shoots, fruits and bark of branches and stems with caducous sporangia produced during humid conditions on infected plant tissues and dispersed by rain and wind splash. During the past six decades, the number of previously unknown Phytophthora declines and diebacks of natural and semi-natural forests and woodlands has increased exponentially, and the vast majority of them are driven by introduced invasive Phytophthora species. Nurseries in Europe, North America and Australia show high infestation rates with a wide range of mostly exotic Phytophthora species. Planting of infested nursery stock has proven to be the main pathway of Phytophthora species between and within continents. This review provides insights into the history, distribution, aetiology, symptomatology, dynamics and impact of the most important canker, decline and dieback diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and natural ecosystems of Europe, Australia and the Americas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soilborne Phytophthora Diseases In Forests and Woodlandsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands

Jung

Pérez‐Sierra

Durán³

et al. 2018

persoonia

161

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In South-East Asia and Papua New Guinea, P. cinnamomi is usually in an equilibrium with the diverse, native forest vegetation or causes local dieback and mortality at most (Arentz, 1983;Arentz 2017;Arentz & Simpson, 1986;Jung, Chang, et al, 2017;Ko et al, 1978). In other continents, the situation is entirely different and introduced clonal P. cinnamomi A2 populations become invasive threatening a non-coevolved flora and often causing dieback of whole ecosystems with high mortality rates (Brasier et al, 1993;Dos Santos et al, 2011;Jung, Vettraino, et al, 2013;Jung, Colquhoun, et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2018;McConnell & Balci, 2014;Shearer & Tippett, 1989;Vettraino et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms

Jung

Durán²,

Sanfuentes

et al. 2018

Forest Pathology

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The Valdivian rainforest, one of the global hotspots of biodiversity, is a temperate rainforest originating as a Tertiary relic from the supercontinent Gondwana. In November 2014, a survey of Phytophthora diversity was performed in 13 natural forest stands and 20 forest streams and rivers in two protected areas near Valdivia and in a temperate montane forest in the Concepción area. One planted stand each of the introduced tree species Castanea sativa and Fagus sylvatica were also included. Using baiting assays, eight described species and four previously unknown taxa of Phytophthora were isolated from 86% of the 50 rhizosphere soil samples from seven of the eight tree species sampled in 12 forest stands, and from 20 streams: P. chlamydospora, P. cinnamomi, P. kernoviae, P. lacustris, P. plurivora, P. pseudosyringae, P. ×cambivora, P. ×stagnum, P. valdiviana nom. prov. from Clade 2b, P. madida nom. prov. from Clade 8a, and P. chilensis nom. prov. and P. pseudokernoviae nom. prov. The latter two species are the closest relatives of P. kernoviae from Clade 10. Phytophthora pseudokernoviae nom. prov. was also isolated from necrotic leaves of Drimys winteri. From the Valdivia river, a swarm of three Clade 6 hybrids was recovered. Each hybrid isolate resulted from multiple reticulation events with P. thermophila as maternal and both P. amnicola and P. chlamydospora as paternal parents. In addition, three previously unknown and recently described Nothophytophthora species, N. caduca, N. chlamydospora and N. valdiviana, were isolated from several forest streams. Phytophthora cinnamomi, the most common and widespread species in soils of native forests, was associated with severe dieback of Valdivian rainforest trees, in particular D. winteri, Luma apiculata, Nothofagus dombeyi and the endangered Saxegothaea conspicua. A first pathogenicity test demonstrated high aggressiveness of P. cinnamomi to several native tree species, including N. dombeyi, Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii and Gevuina avellana.

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“…Gondwanan origins have been investigated for several plant pathogens, including Phytophthora cinnamomi (Arentz, ). The potential Gondwanan ancestry of the isolates in this study remains plausible and is in agreement with the common ancestral plant diversity of both Chile and New Zealand (McCarthy et al , ; Segovia et al , ).…”

Section: Isolates Used In This Study and Summary Statistics For Genommentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing of oomycete isolates from Chile supports the New Zealand origin of Phytophthora kernoviae and makes available the first Nothophytophthora sp. genome

Studholme

Panda

Sanfuentes

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Genome sequences were generated for six oomycete isolates collected from forests in Valdivia, Chile. Three of the isolates were identified morphologically as Phytophthora kernoviae , whereas two were similar to other clade 10 Phytophthora species. One isolate was tentatively identified as Nothophytophthora valdiviana based on nucleotide sequence similarity in the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. This is the first genome sequence for this recently described genus. The genome assembly was more fragmented and contained many duplicated genes when compared with the other Phytophthora sequences. Comparative analyses were performed with genomic sequences of the P. kernoviae isolates from the UK and New Zealand. Although the potential New Zealand origin of P. kernoviae has been suggested, new isolations from Chile had cast doubt on this hypothesis. We present evidence supporting P. kernoviae as having originated in New Zealand. However, investigation of the diversity of oomycete species in Chile has been limited and warrants further exploration. We demonstrate the expediency of genomic analyses in determining phylogenetic relationships between isolates within new and often scantly represented taxonomic groups, such as Phytophthora clade 10 and Nothophytophthora . Data are available on GenBank via BioProject accession number PRJNA352331.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi A1: An ancient resident of New Guinea and Australia of Gondwanan origin?

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands

Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands

Diversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms

Genome sequencing of oomycete isolates from Chile supports the New Zealand origin of Phytophthora kernoviae and makes available the first Nothophytophthora sp. genome

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