<i>Phytophthora</i> species associated with dieback of sweet chestnut in Western Turkey

The outcome of host–pathogen interactions depends on host defence and pathogen infection strategies. On the host side, two strategies, resistance and tolerance, have long been identified. They differ in their underlying mechanisms and their effects on pathogens. However, the dynamics of disease transmission also rely on host competence. This trait, defined as the ability of the host to allow pathogen transmission, is rarely studied for pathogen‐supporting plants. We assessed the competence for Phytophthora cinnamomi of seedlings of five Quercus and one Castanea species and studied how this trait is correlated with resistance and tolerance. P. cinnamomi is responsible for the chestnut ink disease, alongside with Phytophthora × cambivora, which has a much less generalist behaviour. Each seedling was inoculated in minirhizotrons by root–mycelium contact and phenotyped for its resistance, tolerance and competence. The amount of necrosis (lesion length), the effect of infection on plant performance (root growth) and the sporangia number were measured. Moreover, we developed a droplet digital (dd) PCR assay to quantify the pathogen within host tissues near the inoculation point. This measure was used as a proxy of pathogen load. We were thus able to relate individual host competence to the pathogen content measured in the same root fragment. No significant correlation between the phenotyped traits was found at the individual level. However, at the species level, the least competent species (Q. robur, Q. petraea) proved to be the most resistant. These results may have important implications for management of chestnut and oak ecosystems threatened by ink disease.

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“…× cambivora . For resistance, this is in agreement with previous results (Akilli Şimşek et al, 2019). Sporulation potential for P .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Resistance, tolerance and competence for a root pathogen in six woody species

et al. 2022

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“…Consequently, in recent years, new species such as P. plurivora T. Jung and T.I Burgess, P. cryptogea Pethybridge and Lafferty, P. citricola Sawada, P. cactorum (Leb. and Cohn) Schröeter and P. katsurae W. H. Ko and H. S. Chang, were found to be linked to this disease [20].…”

Section: Ink Diseasementioning

confidence: 90%

From Chestnut Tree (Castanea sativa) to Flour and Foods: A Systematic Review of the Main Criticalities and Control Strategies towards the Relaunch of Chestnut Production Chain

2022

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Castanea sativa plays a key role in different production chains (timber, flour, honey, and tannins). Moreover, considering the great importance of chestnuts and chestnut flour for the food industry and for the subsistence of piedmont communities, a relaunch of this production chain is definitely essential, thus motivating this review. The first aim of this literature overview is to summarize current knowledge regarding the main criticalities in chestnut tree cultivation, chestnut processing, and in chestnut flour production. The second aim is to suggest specific improvement strategies to contrast the main pests and diseases affecting chestnut trees, improve chestnut processing and flour production, and, finally, valorize all by-products generated by this production chain. With respect to chestnut trees, it is essential to develop specific integrated strategies based on early detection and management to contrast known and emerging issues. With regard to chestnut drying and flour production, particular attention needs to be paid to molds and mycotoxins which definitely represent the main criticalities. In addition, further investigations are needed to improve the dying process in both traditional and modern dry kilns, and to develop innovative drying processes. Finally, to face the monumental challenge of environmental sustainability, the valorization of the whole chestnut by-products is crucial. This review clearly highlighted that the recovery of polyphenols from chestnut by-products is the most interesting, sustainable, and profitable strategy. However, the fungal fermentation or the incorporation of little amounts of these by-products into foods seems a very interesting alternative.

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“…European sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill. ), known as one of the four major chestnut species in the world, has been well studied in nut rot by several phytopathologists and taxonomists [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Several important fungal species, Cryphonectria parasitica M.E.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emerging Pathogen from Rotted Chestnut in China: Gnomoniopsis daii sp. nov.

Jiang

Tian

2019

Forests

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Nut quality is fundamental to the economic viability of the Chinese sweet chestnut industry, but fruit rot disease significantly reduces this quality. In this study, we investigated chestnut rot in Anhui and Hubei provinces in China. Typical brown rot symptoms were observed, affecting nuts from different plantations. Isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues of rotted fruits that were identified based on morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and tef1 and tub2 gene sequences. The inoculation results showed that the tested fungal species is pathogenic to chestnut fruits. Hence, a new and severe pathogen that causes Chinese sweet chestnut brown rot, Gnomoniopsis daii sp. nov., is introduced herein.

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Phytophthora species associated with dieback of sweet chestnut in Western Turkey

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Resistance, tolerance and competence for a root pathogen in six woody species

Resistance, tolerance and competence for a root pathogen in six woody species

From Chestnut Tree (Castanea sativa) to Flour and Foods: A Systematic Review of the Main Criticalities and Control Strategies towards the Relaunch of Chestnut Production Chain

An Emerging Pathogen from Rotted Chestnut in China: Gnomoniopsis daii sp. nov.

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