<i>Plasmopara viticola</i> effector PvRXLR53 suppresses innate immunity in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>

Liu, Jiaqi; Chen, Shuyun; Ma, Tao; Gao, Yu; Song, Shiren; Ye, Wenxiu

doi:10.1080/15592324.2020.1846927

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Plant pathogens typically deliver large arsenals of effectors into infected host cells to repress plant immunity. Here, similarly to other pathogenic oomycetes, the causative agent of grapevine downy mildew pathogen, P. viticola , produces a repertoire of effectors that are essential for its virulence and pathogenicity (Lan et al., 2019; Lei et al., 2019; Liu, Chen, Ma, et al., 2021; Liu, Chen, Yin, et al., 2021; Ma, Chen, et al., 2021; Xiang et al., 2022; Yin et al., 2022). Although the P. viticola effector PvAvh77 stimulates immune responses in plant apoplast, transient expression of it intracellularly also suppresses plant immunity and promotes pathogen infection (Fu et al., 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine

Fu,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYThe downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is caused by Plasmopara viticola and is a major production problem in most grape‐growing regions. The vast majority of effectors act as virulence factors and sabotage plant immunity. Here, we describe in detail one of the putative P. viticola Crinkler (CRN) effector genes, PvCRN11, which is highly transcribed during the infection stages in the downy mildew‐susceptible grapevine V. vinifera cv. ‘Pinot Noir’ and V. vinifera cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’. Cell death‐inducing activity analyses reveal that PvCRN11 was able to induce spot cell death in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana but did not induce cell death in the leaves of the downy mildew‐resistant V. riparia accession ‘Beaumont’ or of the downy mildew‐susceptible ‘Thompson Seedless’. Unexpectedly, stable expression of PvCRN11 inhibited the colonization of P. viticola in grapevine and Phytophthora capsici in Arabidopsis. Both transgenic grapevine and Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PvCRN11 promoted plant immunity. PvCRN11 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas PvCRN11‐induced plant immunity is nucleus‐independent. The purified protein PvCRN11Opt initiated significant plant immunity extracellularly, leading to enhanced accumulations of reactive oxygen species, activation of MAPK and up‐regulation of the defense‐related genes PR1 and PR2. Furthermore, PvCRN11Opt induces BAK1‐dependent immunity in the apoplast, whereas PvCRN11 overexpression in intracellular induces BAK1‐independent immunity. In conclusion, the PvCRN11 protein triggers resistance against P. viticola in grapevine, suggesting a potential for the use of PvCRN11 in grape production as a protectant against downy mildew.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine

Fu,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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“…Here we identified two pairs of ER-localized effectors from different oomycetes, PhRXLR-C13 and PITG_03192, and HpaRXLL492 and PITG_13045, with some shared sequence homology both outside of, and notably within, their predicted TMDs. Indeed, further orthologues of PhRXLR-C13 and PITG_03192 have also been identified in several other oomycete species including P. parasitica , P. sojae , and P. viticola ( Liu et al , 2021 ). PITG_03192 localizes to the ER in N. benthamiana and prevents the relocalization of two host NAC TFs (NTP1 and 2) from the ER to the nucleus with a corresponding impact on P. infestans susceptibility ( McLellan et al , 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tell tail sign: a conserved C-terminal tail-anchor domain targets a subset of pathogen effectors to the plant endoplasmic reticulum

Breeze

Vale

McLellan

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the entry point to the secretory pathway and, as such, is critical for adaptive responses to biotic stress, when the demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signalling components increases significantly. Successful phytopathogens have evolved an arsenal of small effector proteins which collectively reconfigure multiple host components and signalling pathways to promote virulence; a small, but important, subset of which are targeted to the endomembrane system including the ER. We identified and validated a conserved C-terminal tail-anchor motif in a set of pathogen effectors known to localize to the ER from the oomycetes Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of Arabidopsis and sunflower, respectively) and used this protein topology to develop a bioinformatic pipeline to identify putative ER-localised effectors within the effectorome of the related oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight. Many of the identified P. infestans tail-anchor effectors converged on ER-localised NAC transcription factors, suggesting this family is a critical host target for multiple pathogens.

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“…Similarly, Pi02860 interacts with a susceptibility factor, the E3 ligase NLR1, whose activity suppresses ICD via degradation of the immune regulator Rho-GEF protein StSWAP70 (He et al, 2018). Two effectors, PvRxLR159 and PvRxLR53 from P. viticola, also inhibit ICD in N. benthamiana, but their targets are unknown (Lei et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020). Apparently, several targets are altered by effectors of hemibiotrophic and biotrophic oomycetes to suppress ICD.…”

Section: Effectors Manipulating Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oomycete intracellular effectors: specialised weapons targeting strategic plant processes

Fabro

2021

New Phytologist

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Oomycete phytopathogens have adapted to colonise plants using effectors as their molecular weapons. Intracellular effectors, mostly proteins but also small ribonucleic acids, are delivered by the pathogens into the host cell cytoplasm where they interfere with normal plant physiology. The diverse host processes emerging as 'victims' of these 'specialised bullets' include gene transcription and RNA-mediated silencing, cell death, protein stability, protein secretion and autophagy. Some effector targets are directly involved in defence execution, while others participate in fundamental metabolisms whose alteration collaterally affects defences. Other effector targets are susceptibility factors (SFs), that is host components that make plants vulnerable to pathogens. SFs are mostly negative regulators of immunity, but some seem necessary to sustain or promote pathogen colonisation.

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Plasmopara viticola effector PvRXLR53 suppresses innate immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine

Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine

A tell tail sign: a conserved C-terminal tail-anchor domain targets a subset of pathogen effectors to the plant endoplasmic reticulum

Oomycete intracellular effectors: specialised weapons targeting strategic plant processes

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