“…Many public libraries strive to reinvent themselves as relaxing civic centers , such as vibrant hubs or safe places to relax and provide casual meeting places to socialize by offering cozy lounges and nooks, an appealing atrium ambiance or outdoor greenspace areas. In contrast, other libraries are using their spaces to cultivate creative production , providing things such as knitting clubs, fab labs (digital fabrication laboratories), digital media studios, materials to create and innovate, workshops teaching robotics and 3D printing, digital recording studios, makerspace that promotes STEM learning, cameras and editing software, prototyping, game creation, creating apps, animation, digital music recording, electronic music programming and Fishbowls (Bieraugel and Neill, 2017; Leorke et al , 2018; Mersand et al , 2019; Nixon et al , 2021; Okpala, 2016; Teasdale, 2021; Willett, 2018). Some libraries have tried to reinvent themselves through partnerships with external stakeholders , such as community and cultural organizations, businesses, early childhood programs, professional trainers and schools that can extend their library offerings by moving beyond the typical, traditional range of services (Bennett, 2015; Lille, 2016; Lopez et al , 2017; Mersand et al , 2019; Willett, 2018).…”