Porphyromonas gingivalisinduces periodontitis, causes immune imbalance, and promotes rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Periodontitis induced by bacteria especially Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the most prevalent microbial disease worldwide and is a significant risk factor for systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA and periodontitis share similar clinical and pathologic features. Moreover, the prevalence of RA is much higher in patients with periodontitis than in those without periodontitis. To explore the immunologic mechanism of periodontitis involved in RA, we established a mouse model of periodontitis and then induced RA. According to the results of paw thickness, arthritis clinical score, arthritis incidence, microscopic lesion using H&E staining, and micro‐CT analysis, periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis promoted the occurrence and development of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Furthermore, periodontitis enhanced the frequency of CD19+ B cells, Th17, Treg, gMDSCs, and mMDSCs, whereas down‐regulated IL‐10 producing regulatory B cells (B10) in CIA mice preinduced for periodontitis with P. gingivalis. In vitro stimulation with splenic cells revealed that P. gingivalis directly enhanced differentiation of Th17, Treg, and mMDSCs but inhibited the process of B cell differentiation into B10 cells. Considering that adoptive transfer of B10 cells prevent RA development, our study, although preliminary, suggests that down‐regulation of B10 cells may be the key mechanism that periodontitis promotes RA as the other main immune suppressive cells such as Treg and MDSCs are up‐regulated other than down‐regulated in group of P. gingivalis plus CIA.

ACE2 gene expression and inflammatory conditions in periodontal microenvironment of COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes evaluated by qPCR

“…The lowest bacterial abundance indicates its contribution as the key stone species [33] and has an important role in periodontitis and the associated systemic conditions [34][35][36]. Moreover, as stated by other reports, P. gingivalis is a keystone pathogen capable of subverting inflammatory and innate responses [37], while F. nucleatum and V. parvula are two crucial species, as they play an important role in shaping oral biofilm ecology [38][39][40]. These two bacteria are positively related to COVID-19associated events [41,42].…”

EZH2 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenesis through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway

“…Periodontitis induced by bacteria especially Gram-negative bacteria is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease worldwide [ 15 ]. Infections and the subsequent host immune responses have remodeled an aberrant microenvironment, which generally lead to the dysfunction of PDLSCs, which are the potential “seed cells” for periodontal regeneration applications and bone tissues engineering [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Identification of Cross-Talk and Pyroptosis-Related Genes Linking Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis

“…The most popular and relevant link appears to be within dysbiosis of the oral microbiome; a recent study found that anti-CCP-positive patients show a dysciotic subgingival microbiome [ 37 ]. In this context, Porphyromonas gingivalis was found to be a key player by causing an immunological imbalance, which promotes RA development and severity [ 38 ]. However, the complexity of RA pathogenesis and, especially, the variety of antirheumatic medications affect the periodontal outcome [ 39 ].…”