Porphyromonas gingivalis: where do we stand in our battle against this oral pathogen?

Abstract

Local and/or systemic antibacterial therapy has been extensively studied and suggested to control periodontopathogens like P. gingivalis. However, more effective and specific antibacterial agents against oral pathobionts remain to be developed.

Selective Inhibition of the Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis by Third-Generation Zafirlukast Derivatives

“…This could have many downstream effects for the pathogenicity of the biofilm and could help inhibit the growth of other pathogenic oral bacterial species for which the growth is enhanced by P. gingivalis. ,,,, P. gingivalis was grown in medium and exposed to different treatments for 48 h with gentle shaking under anaerobic conditions, followed by staining with safranin to determine the percentage of biofilm growth.…”

“…The crude product obtained was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 gel, hexanes−EtOAc 1:1, R f 0.60) to yield compound 11 (0.10 g, 8%) as a yellow liquid (which contained some methyl-5-formyl-2-methoxybenzoate that was removed in the next synthetic step): 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 , Figure S15) δ 8.45 (dd, J 1 = 2.3 Hz, J 2 = 0.5 Hz, 1H, aromatic), 8.08 (dd, J 1 = 9.1 Hz, J 2 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, aromatic), 7.68 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H, aromatic), 7.34 (dd, J 1 = 8.6 Hz, J 2 = 2.5 Hz, 1H, aromatic), 7.29 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H, aromatic), 6.90 (d, J = 8. 6…”

“…The Gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major keystone anaerobic pathogen found below the gum line in plaque. 6 P. gingivalis is associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, causes tissue damage, increases the pathogenicity of the biofilm community, and is able to invade the weakened epithelial cell layers leading to the development of systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer. 7−13 Therefore, P. gingivalis is an ideal target for antibacterial agents for the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.…”

Implications of Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase and gingipain R in human health and diseases

“…Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic coccobacillus that is commonly present in the oral cavity of patients with poor oral health ( Bostanci and Belibasakis, 2012 ). It is majority associated with pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis (PD), which is a highly prevalent inflammatory infection of the gums and gingival tissue characterized by progressive destruction of tissues supporting the tooth ( Howard et al., 2021 ; Zhang et al., 2021 ). While the disease is exacerbated by a large number of pathogens that reside in the gingiva, studies have been able to point out P. gingivalis as a major pathogen in such oral disease ( Bostanci and Belibasakis, 2012 ; Olsen and Yilmaz, 2019 ; Hu et al., 2020 ).…”

Continuous Oral Administration of Sonicated P. gingivalis Delays Rat Skeletal Muscle Healing Post-Treadmill Training

“…Therefore, when discussing the effect of periodontitis, P. gingivalis should be placed in a broader context, such as the Socransky complex and periodontal microbiota with the passage from symbiosis to dysbiosis. However, some conditions, such as bad oral health, can accelerate gingivitis or bone loss, resulting in an increase of oral P. gingivalis [ 15 ] and causing many bacterial toxins and components to spread to the whole body through the bloodstream. Therefore, our research focus was on the effect of P. gingivalis , specifically the spread of P. gingivalis components, for example, LPS, leading to the uptake of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive proteins, in remote organs such as skeletal muscle [ 16 , 17 ].…”