<i>Potomacapnos apeleutheron</i>gen. et sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous angiosperm from the Potomac Group and its implications for the evolution of eudicot leaf architecture

Jud, Nathan A.; Hickey, Leo

doi:10.3732/ajb.1300250

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Polyaperturate-producing angiosperms are thought to have first evolved in the early Aptian or late Barremian from northern Gondwana and, subsequently, to have spread poleward during the Albian (Brenner, 1976;Doyle, 1992;Hochuli et al, 2006). The hypothesis of a latitudinally diachronous dispersal (Brenner, 1976;Hickey and Doyle, 1977), although not completely supported by the palynological and mesofossil records (Hughes and McDougall, 1990;Jud and Hickey, 2013), would match well with the results obtained in Spain and with the cited palynoflora located further north.…”

Section: Comparison Of Assemblagessupporting

confidence: 76%

Palynology of Aptian and upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) amber-bearing outcrops of the southern margin of the Basque-Cantabrian basin (northern Spain)

Barrón

Peyrot

Rodríguez‐López

et al. 2015

Cretaceous Research

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Section: Comparison Of Assemblagessupporting

confidence: 76%

Palynology of Aptian and upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) amber-bearing outcrops of the southern margin of the Basque-Cantabrian basin (northern Spain)

Barrón

Peyrot

Rodríguez‐López

et al. 2015

Cretaceous Research

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“…This pattern raises three possibilities. First, tricolpate pollen might be present at the lower Zone I sites with Fairlingtonia, but so rare that it has not been detected [23]. Second, Fairlingtonia may belong to a eudicot stem lineage that predates the evolution of tricolpate pollen, but post-dates the origin of eudicot-like leaves [6].…”

Section: Discussion (A) Phylogenetic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I photographed the fossils using a Canon EOS digital camera with a 100 mm EF macro lens and a Nikon D70 digital camera with a Macro-Nikkor 65 mm lens and processed the images using whole-image manipulations in ADOBE PHOTOSHOP (San Jose, CA, USA) to improve contrast between the matrix and the fossils. The leaf architecture character definitions are based on those outlined in the Manual of Leaf Architecture [22] with some of the modifications developed by Jud & Hickey [23] (electronic supplementary material, S2). I measured leaf area and petiole width from photos of seven complete or nearly complete leaves for which the total area of the blade could be estimated using IMAGEJ [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil evidence for a herbaceous diversification of early eudicot angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous

Jud¹

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Eudicot flowering plants comprise roughly 70% of land plant species diversity today, but their early evolution is not well understood. Fossil evidence has been largely restricted to their distinctive tricolpate pollen grains and this has limited our understanding of the ecological strategies that characterized their primary radiation. I describe megafossils of an Early Cretaceous eudicot from the Potomac Group in Maryland and Virginia, USA that are complete enough to allow reconstruction of important life-history traits. I draw on quantitative and qualitative analysis of functional traits, phylogenetic analysis and sedimentological evidence to reconstruct the biology of this extinct species. These plants were small and locally rare but widespread, fast-growing herbs. They had complex leaves and they were colonizers of bright, wet, disturbance-prone habitats. Other early eudicot megafossils appear to be herbaceous rather than woody, suggesting that this habit was characteristic of their primary radiation. A mostly herbaceous initial diversification of eudicots could simultaneously explain the heretofore sparse megafossil record as well as their rapid diversification during the Early Cretaceous because the angiosperm capacity for fast reproduction and fast evolution is best expressed in herbs.

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“…A small leafy shoot ( Figure 6C and D) from the south side of Dutch Gap Canal (probably Aptian) has similarities to Vitiphyllum parvifolium of Fontaine (1889). Jud and Hickey (2013) described another ternately organized leaf, Potomacapnos, from the same locality and presented a phylogenetic analysis that nested it within the ranunculalean family Papaveraceae, although they cautioned that this was based on a relatively small number of characters. Leefructus, from the Barremian-Aptian Yixian Formation of China (Sun et al 2011), had ternate leaves and a 5-carpellate fruit, as in Ranunculaceae.…”

Section: Eudicotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiosperm Clades in the Potomac Group: What Have We Learned since 1977?

Doyle¹,

Upchurch²

2014

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History

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In their 1977 study on Potomac Group angiosperms, Hickey and Doyle made only broad comparisons with living taxa. Newer data, especially discoveries of fossil flowers in the Potomac and coeval deposits and increasingly robust molecular phylogenies of living angiosperms, allow more precise phylogenetic placement of fossils. Hickey and Doyle compared most early Potomac leaves (Aptian-early Albian) with "magnoliids," a paraphyletic group as then defined, but several clades can now be recognized. Leaves and dispersed cuticles share epidermal features with woody members of the basal ANITA grade, and in some cases crown group Austrobaileyales, whose presence is confirmed by flowers called Anacostia. Aptian-Albian flowers (Monetianthus, Carpestella) and whole plants (Pluricarpellatia) are nested in crown group Nymphaeales; Potomac reniform leaves could belong to this clade. Several Potomac leaves have chloranthoid teeth, venation, and opposite phyllotaxis consistent with Chloranthaceae, while Aptian to Cenomanian flowers reveal the presence of both crown group Chloranthaceae (Asteropollis plant, near Hedyosmum) and stem relatives of this family and/or Ceratophyllum (Canrightia, Zlatkocarpus, Pennipollis plant, possibly Appomattoxia). Phylogenetic analyses confirm interpretations of Aptian Liliacidites pollen and Acaciaephyllum as monocots. Ternately lobed leaves such as Vitiphyllum may represent basal eudicots, in or below Ranunculales. In the late Potomac (middle to late Albian), the rise of tricolpate pollen and local dominance of angiosperm leaves mark the influx of near-basal eudicot clades. Associated floral receptacles confirm that Nelumbites leaves were related to Nelumbo (Proteales), while heads of unisexual flowers indicate that both palmately lobed "platanoid" and pinnatifid Sapindopsis leaves (previously compared with rosids) were stem relatives of Platanus (also Proteales). Flowers called Spanomera are related to Buxaceae. Several Albian and early Cenomanian flowers belong to Magnoliidae in the new monophyletic sense, including Archaeanthus in Magnoliales and Virginianthus and Mauldinia in Laurales; Laurales are common in the late Albian leaf record.

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Potomacapnos apeleutherongen. et sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous angiosperm from the Potomac Group and its implications for the evolution of eudicot leaf architecture

Cited by 29 publications

References 80 publications

Palynology of Aptian and upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) amber-bearing outcrops of the southern margin of the Basque-Cantabrian basin (northern Spain)

Palynology of Aptian and upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous) amber-bearing outcrops of the southern margin of the Basque-Cantabrian basin (northern Spain)

Fossil evidence for a herbaceous diversification of early eudicot angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous

Angiosperm Clades in the Potomac Group: What Have We Learned since 1977?

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