Proteus

Abstract

Pro' te.us . Gr. n. Proteus an ocean god able to change himself into different shapes. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Proteus Straight rods, 0.4–0.8 × 1.0–3.0 μm . Gram negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Most strains swarm with periodic cycles of migration producing concentric zones, or spread in a uniform film, over moist surfaces solidified with agar or gelatin . The organisms in this genus conform to the definition of the family Enterobacteriaceae . They are facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism . Optimal growth temperature is 37°C. Oxidase negative; catalase positive. Methyl red positive; species vary in indole production, Voges–Proskauer, and Simmons citrate tests. They oxidatively deaminate phenylalanine and tryptophan. Urea is hydrolyzed. Lysine decarboxylase negative and arginine dihydrolase negative; only Proteus mirabilis decarboxylates ornithine. All but Proteus myxofaciens decompose tyrosine to produce a clearing on agar media in which the insoluble amino acid is incorporated. Grow on KCN. H 2 S is usually produced. Malonate is not utilized . D ‐glucose and a few other carbohydrates are catabolized with production of acid and usually gas. Does not produce acid from inositol or from straight chain tetra‐, penta‐, or hexahydroxy—alcohols, but generally produces acid from glycerol. One or more species ferment maltose, sucrose, trehalose, and D ‐xylose. Human pathogens, causing urinary tract infections; also are secondary invaders, causing septic lesions at other sites of the body. Occurs in the intestines of humans and a wide variety of animals; also occurs in manure, soil, and polluted waters. P. myxofaciens has been isolated only from gypsy moth larvae. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, Proteus belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae within the Proteobacteria (Woese et al., 1985; Niebel et al., 1987; Stackebrandt et al., 1988). The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 38–41 (Falkow et al., 1962). Type species : Proteus vulgaris Hauser 1885, 12 emend. Brenner, Hickman‐Brenner, Holmes, Hawkey, Penner, Grimont and O'Hara 1995, 870.

Effect of Supplemental Protease on Growth Performance and Excreta Microbiome of Broiler Chicks

“…The reduction in protein in the diet decreased the relative abundances of Proteus and Acinetobacter (p = 0.01), which is logical given that both Proteus and Acinetobacter utilize amino acids as substrates. Proteus are gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, known to deaminate phenylalanine and tryptophan, decompose tyrosine, hydrolyze urea, and catabolize glucose and other carbohydrates [53]. Acinetobacter bacteria are gram-negative and aerobic.…”

What’s in the Pipeline? Evidence on the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via Building Wastewater Plumbing Systems

“…[rods, 0.5-1.0 × 1.5-5.0 µm; fimbriae more common in pathogenic strains; typically ≥1 flagellum (Palleroni, 2015)], intermediate for Enterobacter cloacae [rods; 0.6-1.0 × 1.2-3.0 μm; fimbriae more common in pathogenic strains; 4-6 flagella (Grimont and Grimont, 2015b)], Proteus spp. [rods, 0.4-0.8 × 1.0-3.0 μm; fimbriae common, sometimes involved in pathogenesis; typically ≥1 flagellum (Penner, 2015)], and Shigella sonnei [rods; 1-3 × 0.7-1.0 μm; nonmotile (Strockbine and Maurelli, 2015)], and lowest for E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae [rods; 0.3-1.0 × 0.6-6.0 μm; often paired or in short chains; hydrophilic capsule, sometimes with fimbriae, nonmotile (Grimont and Grimont, 2015c)], Salmonella typhimurium (as S. enteritidis), and Serratia spp. (as S. marcescens).…”