<i>Pythium insidiosum</i>and Mammalian Hosts

Mendoza, Leonel

doi:10.1002/9780470475898.ch19

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Oomycetes are morphologically similar to filamentous fungi but are phylogenetically related to organisms, including the malarial parasites, in the Kingdom Protista ( Simpson, Inagaki & Roger, 2006 ). Oomycete species are responsible for extensive losses in salmon and crayfish populations and for debilitating, sometimes lethal, infections in mammals, including humans ( Robertson et al, 2009 ; Cerenius, Andersson & Söderhäll, 2009 ; Mendoza, 2009 ). In addition, over 80 Oomycetes in the Phytophthora genus are responsible for highly destructive plant diseases, including many of agricultural importance and some that threaten natural ecosystems on a vast scale ( Lamour & Kamoun, 2009 ; Lamour, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient fusion and selective secretion of vesicle proteins inPhytophthora nicotianaezoospores

Zhang

Blackman

Hardham

2013

PeerJ

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Secretion of pathogen proteins is crucial for the establishment of disease in animals and plants. Typically, early interactions between host and pathogen trigger regulated secretion of pathogenicity factors that function in pathogen adhesion and host penetration. During the onset of plant infection by spores of the Oomycete, Phytophthora nicotianae, proteins are secreted from three types of cortical vesicles. Following induction of spore encystment, two vesicle types undergo full fusion, releasing their entire contents onto the cell surface. However, the third vesicle type, so-called large peripheral vesicles, selectively secretes a small Sushi domain-containing protein, PnCcp, while retaining a large glycoprotein, PnLpv, before moving away from the plasma membrane. Selective secretion of PnCcp is associated with its compartmentalization within the vesicle periphery. Pharmacological inhibition of dynamin function, purportedly in vesicle fission, by dynasore treatment provides evidence that selective secretion of PnCcp requires transient fusion of the large peripheral vesicles. This is the first report of selective protein secretion via transient fusion outside mammalian cells. Selective secretion is likely to be an important aspect of plant infection by this destructive pathogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient fusion and selective secretion of vesicle proteins inPhytophthora nicotianaezoospores

Zhang

Blackman

Hardham

2013

PeerJ

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“…P. insidiosum is the only Pythium species that causes disease in mammals. It is the causal agent of pythiosis, a deadly disease of horses, dogs, and other mammals in tropical and subtropical regions [3] , [4] . Pythiosis also affects humans, and was first reported in Thailand in 1985 [5] , [6] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequence of the emerging oomycete pathogen Pythium insidiosum strain CDC-B5653 isolated from an infected human in the USA

Ascunce¹,

Huguet‐Tapia²,

Braun³

et al. 2016

Genomics Data

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Pythium insidiosum ATCC 200269 strain CDC-B5653, an isolate from necrotizing lesions on the mouth and eye of a 2-year-old boy in Memphis, Tennessee, USA, was sequenced using a combination of Illumina MiSeq (300 bp paired-end, 14 millions reads) and PacBio (10 Kb fragment library, 356,001 reads). The sequencing data were assembled using SPAdes version 3.1.0, yielding a total genome size of 45.6 Mb contained in 8992 contigs, N50 of 13 Kb, 57% G + C content, and 17,867 putative protein-coding genes. This Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession JRHR00000000.

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“…Reports of such diseases were noted over 100 years earlier and the only association with a possible oomycete causal agent were the reports of aseptate hyphae in the skin. P. insidiosum infections have since been reported in humans and can be the cause of either superficial or deeper systemic infections (Mendoza 2009). These infections have been observed in many countries but are most prevalent in Thailand.…”

Section: Mammalian Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of oomycetes—from consolidation to evolutionary and genomic exploration

Lévesque

2011

Fungal Diversity

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Transformative changes in biological sciences during the past 25 years have led to many significant advances in oomycete research. Before the last half century there were some hints that the oomycetes were related to some algae but it is now definitively demonstrated that they do not share an evolutionary path with kingdom Eumycota and are instead placed in a new kingdom Straminipila. Clarifying this once and for all has created many opportunities, but the rapid expansion of the research community has caused some fragmentation, probably much more so than in other groups of fungi because of a lack of a unifying forum for the members of the community working on issues such as taxonomy or phylogeny. Prior to the advent of molecular phylogenetics, mycologists working in zoosporic fungi were examining the ultrastructure of the zoospore, mainly focussing on the flagellar apparatus, and managed to generate phylogenies or define clades of zoospore producing fungi that remained for the most part valid after the advances in molecular biology. Comprehensive molecular phylogenies that have been published for some genera of the oomycetes have helped in recognising a large number of new species and in the development of a wide range of DNA-based diagnostic tools. The number of genomes available for this group is increasing rapidly, pushing further the discoveries of novel host-parasite interaction mechanisms in oomycetes. Some important plant diseases that were believed to be under control have re-emerged and many new diseases have appeared particularly in forestry and even in mammals. The research community has been able to respond rapidly and effectively to these new challenges. New ecological roles for the oomycetes were found in the suppression of plant diseases and reduction of plant invasineness in natural ecosystems. There are still many challenges ahead in the oomycete community, probably the most pressing one is to establish a robust tree of life foundation like the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life initiative. The oomycete research community is dynamic and has put to very good use the many new technological advances.

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Pythium insidiosumand Mammalian Hosts

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Transient fusion and selective secretion of vesicle proteins inPhytophthora nicotianaezoospores

Transient fusion and selective secretion of vesicle proteins inPhytophthora nicotianaezoospores

Whole genome sequence of the emerging oomycete pathogen Pythium insidiosum strain CDC-B5653 isolated from an infected human in the USA

Fifty years of oomycetes—from consolidation to evolutionary and genomic exploration

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