<i>Radix Bupleuri</i>: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Yang, Fengchun; Dong, Xiaoxv; Yin, Xingbin; Wang, Wenping; You, Longtai; Ni, Jian

doi:10.1155/2017/7597596

Cited by 128 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Cholestatic liver injury has been reported in the use of OA‐type triterpenoid containing herbal mixtures . Table lists a few examples, Saikosaponins are oleanane‐type triterpenoids and are the major bioactive compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri .…”

Section: High Doses and Long‐term Use Of Oa And/or Oa Derivatives Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table lists a few examples, Saikosaponins are oleanane‐type triterpenoids and are the major bioactive compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri . A systemic review of Saikosaponins isolated from Radix Bupleuri showed anti‐inflammatory, antitumor and hepatoprotective effects, similar to OA . Saikosaponin d was effective in protecting against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury .…”

Section: High Doses and Long‐term Use Of Oa And/or Oa Derivatives Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saikosaponin d was effective in protecting against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury . The main side effect of Radix Bupleuri is liver damage with high dosages, indicating that the maximum tolerated dose is critical for clinical use of Radix Bupleuri extract and purified compounds . Total Bupleurum saponins caused serious liver injury and even death in rats, with clear dose and time toxicity relationships .…”

Section: High Doses and Long‐term Use Of Oa And/or Oa Derivatives Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radix Bupleuri ‐containing Xiao‐Chai‐Hu‐Tang (Sho‐saiko‐to in Japan) is a mixture of seven herbal preparations and is used for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and it is also effective against CCl 4 ‐induced liver fibrosis in rats by inducing Nrf2 genes . A large survey on the use of Radix Bupleuri ‐containing herbal medicines for hepatitis indicates that when the dose of Radix Bupleuri is over 19 g/d, the risk of liver injury increases .…”

Section: Paradoxical Hepatoprotection and Hepatotoxicity With Herbalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oleanolic acid reprograms the liver to protect against hepatotoxicants, but is hepatotoxic at high doses

Liu

Lü

et al. 2018

Liver International

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Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid that exists widely in fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs. OA is included in some dietary supplements and is used as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in China, India, Asia, the USA and European countries. OA is effective in protecting against various hepatotoxicants, and one of the protective mechanisms is reprogramming the liver to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). OA derivatives, such as CDDO-Im and CDDO-Me, are even more potent Nrf2 activators. OA has recently been shown to also activate the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor (TGR5). However, whereas a low dose of OA is hepatoprotective, higher doses and long-term use of OA can produce liver injury, characterized by cholestasis. This paradoxical hepatotoxic effect occurs not only for OA, but also for other OA-type triterpenoids. Dose and length of time of OA exposure differentiate the ability of OA to produce hepatoprotection vs hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity produced by herbs is increasingly recognized and is of global concern. Given the appealing nature of OA in dietary supplements and its use as an alternative medicine around the world, as well as the development of OA derivatives (CDDO-Im and CDDO-Me) as therapeutics, it is important to understand not only that they program the liver to protect against hepatotoxic chemicals, but also how they produce hepatotoxicity.

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Section: High Doses and Long‐term Use Of Oa And/or Oa Derivatives Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Doses and Long‐term Use Of Oa And/or Oa Derivatives Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Doses and Long‐term Use Of Oa And/or Oa Derivatives Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paradoxical Hepatoprotection and Hepatotoxicity With Herbalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Oleanolic acid reprograms the liver to protect against hepatotoxicants, but is hepatotoxic at high doses

Liu

Lü

et al. 2018

Liver International

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“…or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. Saikosaponins are the most effective ingredients of BR. Licorice is a common TCM that is derived from the root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid classification and identification method applied to the analysis of glycosides in Bupleuri radix and liquorice by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Shan

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2018

J of Separation Science

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Bupleuri radix and liquorice are commonly used as a hepatoprotectants. Their main effective ingredients are triterpenoid saponins. It is known that the saponins in liquorice and Bupleuri radix not only promote the metabolism of sugar and lipids but also have anti-inflammatory functions and hepatoprotective effect. However, the complexity of these compounds results in difficulty in studying their pharmacodynamics and mechanism. In this study, glycosides were the main components that were identified and selected as the main research object. First, the mass spectrometry information of the main chemical components in liquorice and Bupleuri radix were collected from the literature. The characteristic fragments and neutral losses were summarized according to typical cleavage methods. Second, the samples were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and characteristic fragment filters and neutral loss filters were successfully applied to screen 18 saponins from Bupleuri radix and 23 saponins and nine flavonoid glycosides from liquorice. Rapid classification and identification of the main components in Bupleuri radix and liquorice were finally achieved. This method promoted the development of chemical components in Bupleuri radix and liquorice, and provided a new way for screening, classifying, and identifying target components in complex samples of metabolomics and pharmacokinetics.

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Tongqiao Mingmu formula alleviates retinal ganglion cell autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Wang

Dong

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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Glaucoma is a severe blindness‐causing optic nerve disease characterized by a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Previous studies have shown that the Tongqiao Mingmu (TQMM) formula can reduce retinal and optic nerve damage, but its mechanism of action requires further elucidation. In this study, an RGC injury model was prepared using glutamate and then treated with serum‐containing drug from the TQMM formula (hereafter called “TQMM formula serum”). In the glutamate‐induced RGC injury model, cell viability decreased with an increase in glutamate concentration, whereas the expression of autophagy‐related biomarkers LC3 and Belicin‐1 increased. An adenovirus transfection experiment revealed that glutamate markedly promoted autophagic flux in RGCs. Notably, TQMM formula serum inhibited the expression of autophagy‐related biomarkers, reduced autophagy flux, and reversed the damage caused by glutamate to RGCs. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to intervene in the RGC autophagy model and was found to suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and enhance RGC autophagy. However, TQMM formula serum could generate an opposite effect and upregulate the expressions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes and proteins. In conclusion, the TQMM formula can prevent glutamate‐induced autophagy in RGCs, possibly by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reducing the expression of autophagy‐related biomarkers LC3 and Belicin‐1 to attenuate autophagy and maintain RGC viability.

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Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Cited by 128 publications

References 106 publications

Oleanolic acid reprograms the liver to protect against hepatotoxicants, but is hepatotoxic at high doses

Oleanolic acid reprograms the liver to protect against hepatotoxicants, but is hepatotoxic at high doses

A rapid classification and identification method applied to the analysis of glycosides in Bupleuri radix and liquorice by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Tongqiao Mingmu formula alleviates retinal ganglion cell autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

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