Radon and Its Decay Products in Indoor Air and Indoor Radon and Its Hazards and Environmental Radon

Nazaroff, William W.; Nero, A.V.; Bodansky, David; Robkin, Maurice A.; Stadler, David; Cothern, C. Richard; Smith, James E.; Hubbard, Lynn M.

doi:10.1063/1.2810982

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Nazaroff [1992], Nazaroff and Nero [1988], and Tanner [1964,1980] give comprehensive reviews of the extensive literature on the subject. Radon transport in soil gas and groundwater has been studied for many years in connection with uranium exploration, as a tracer for moving air and groundwater, and as a possible predictor of seismic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radon transport in soil gas and groundwater has been studied for many years in connection with uranium exploration, as a tracer for moving air and groundwater, and as a possible predictor of seismic activity. Nazaroff [1992], Nazaroff and Nero [1988], and Tanner [1964,1980] give comprehensive reviews of the extensive literature on the subject. Exposure to the decay products of radon gas, when they are allowed to accumulate in a closed space such as a uranium mine, has been linked to lung cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling radon transport in dry, cracked soil

Holford¹,

Schery²,

Wilson³

et al. 1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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A two‐dimensional finite element code was used to investigate the effect of changes in surface air pressure on radon flux from soil with parallel, partially penetrating cracks. A sensitivity analysis investigates the effects of various crack dimensions, soil characteristics, and surface air pressure on radon flux from the soil surface to the atmosphere. Simulation results indicate that radon flux is most sensitive to soil properties; the diffusion coefficient is most important, followed by permeability and porosity. Radon flux is also sensitive to changes in barometric pressure, which cause variations in radon flux above and below the average diffusive flux. Sinusoidal variations in barometric pressure cause a net increase in the average radon flux from the soil, because increases in flux during periods of decreasing pressure are greater than the decreases in flux during periods of decreasing pressure of equal magnitude. Cracks were found to significantly increase radon flux from soils of low permeability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling radon transport in dry, cracked soil

Holford¹,

Schery²,

Wilson³

et al. 1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The mountains of the GNP form the highest mountain range in the east-west-orientated central mountain system. The GNP has a, predominantly, granitic basement and is thus covered by soil with high activity levels of 228 U (Nazaroff and Nero, 1988). The average 222 Rn flux in this area is about 70-100 Bq m −2 h −1 (e.g.…”

Section: Study Site: Gredos and Iruelas Station (Gic3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radioactive noble gas radon ( 222 Rn), due to its chemical and physical characteristics (e.g. Nazaroff and Nero, 1988), is being extensively used for studying atmosphere dynamics, such as boundary layer evolution (e.g. Galmarini, 2006;Vinuesa and Galmarini, 2007), and soil-atmosphere exchanges (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of the daily and seasonal atmospheric CH4 mixing ratio variability in a rural Spanish region using 222Rn tracer

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The ClimaDat station at Gredos (GIC3) has been continuously measuring atmospheric (dry air) mixing ratios of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), as well as meteorological parameters, since November 2012. In this study we investigate the atmospheric variability of CH4 mixing ratios between 2013 and 2015 at GIC3 with the help of co-located observations of 222Rn concentrations, modelled 222Rn fluxes and modelled planetary boundary layer heights (PBLHs). Both daily and seasonal changes in atmospheric CH4 can be better understood with the help of atmospheric concentrations of 222Rn (and the corresponding fluxes). On a daily timescale, the variation in the PBLH is the main driver for 222Rn and CH4 variability while, on monthly timescales, their atmospheric variability seems to depend on emission changes. To understand (changing) CH4 emissions, nocturnal fluxes of CH4 were estimated using two methods: the radon tracer method (RTM) and a method based on the EDGARv4.2 bottom-up emission inventory, both using FLEXPARTv9.0.2 footprints. The mean value of RTM-based methane fluxes (FR_CH4) is 0.11 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with a standard deviation of 0.09 or 0.29 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with a standard deviation of 0.23 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 when using a rescaled 222Rn map (FR_CH4_rescale). For our observational period, the mean value of methane fluxes based on the bottom-up inventory (FE_CH4) is 0.33 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with a standard deviation of 0.08 mg CH4 m−2 h−1. Monthly CH4 fluxes based on RTM (both FR_CH4 and FR_CH4_rescale) show a seasonality which is not observed for monthly FE_CH4 fluxes. During January–May, RTM-based CH4 fluxes present mean values 25 % lower than during June–December. This seasonal increase in methane fluxes calculated by RTM for the GIC3 area appears to coincide with the arrival of transhumant livestock at GIC3 in the second half of the year.

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“…Over continents, the natural radioactive noble gas radon ( 222 Rn) (half-life T1/2 = 3.8 days) is continuously generated within the soil because of the decay of radium ( 226 Ra) (Nazaroff and Nero, 1988;Porstendörfer, 1994) and it can then escape into the atmosphere by diffusion, depending on soil characteristics and meteorological conditions (Grossi et al, 2011, Lopez-Coto et al, 2013Karstens et al, 2015). The global 222 Rn source into the atmosphere is mainly restricted to land surfaces (Szegvary et al, 2009;Karstens et al, 2015), with the 222 Rn flux from water surfaces considered negligible for most applications (Schery and Huang, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-comparison study of atmospheric 222Rn and 222Rn progeny monitors

Grossi¹,

Llido²,

Vogel³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The use of the noble gas radon (222Rn) as tracer for different research studies, for example observation-based estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, has led to the need of high-quality 222Rn activity concentration observations with high spatial and temporal resolution. So far a robust metrology chain for these measurements is not yet available. A 3-month inter-comparison campaign of atmospheric 222Rn and 222Rn progeny monitors based on different measurement techniques was realized during the fall and winter of 2016-2017 to evaluate: i) calibration and correction factors between monitors necessary to harmonize the atmospheric radon observations; and ii) the dependence of each monitor’s response in relation to the sampling height, meteorological and atmospheric aerosol conditions. Results of this study have shown that: i) all monitors were able to reproduce the atmospheric radon variability on daily basis; ii) linear regression fits between the monitors exhibited slopes between 0.62 and 1.17 and offsets ranging between −0.85 Bq m−3 and −0.23 Bq m−3 when sampling 2 m above ground level (a.g.l.). Corresponding results at 100 m a.g.l. exhibited slopes of 0.94 and 1.03 with offsets of −0.13 Bq m−3 and 0.01 Bq m−3, respectively; iii) no influence of atmospheric temperature and relative humidity on monitor responses was observed for unsaturated conditions; and iv) changes of the ratio between radon progeny and radon monitor responses were observed under very high atmospheric humidity and under very low atmospheric aerosol concentrations. However, a more statistically robust evaluation of these last influences based on a longer dataset should be conducted to improve the harmonization of the data.

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Radon and Its Decay Products in Indoor Air and Indoor Radon and Its Hazards and Environmental Radon

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling radon transport in dry, cracked soil

Modeling radon transport in dry, cracked soil

Study of the daily and seasonal atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> mixing ratio variability in a rural Spanish region using <sup>222</sup>Rn tracer

Inter-comparison study of atmospheric <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>222</sup>Rn progeny monitors

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Radon and Its Decay Products in Indoor Air and Indoor Radon and Its Hazards and Environmental Radon

Cited by 12 publications

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Modeling radon transport in dry, cracked soil

Modeling radon transport in dry, cracked soil

Study of the daily and seasonal atmospheric CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; mixing ratio variability in a rural Spanish region using &lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn tracer

Inter-comparison study of atmospheric &lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn and &lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn progeny monitors

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Study of the daily and seasonal atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> mixing ratio variability in a rural Spanish region using <sup>222</sup>Rn tracer

Inter-comparison study of atmospheric <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>222</sup>Rn progeny monitors