<i>Retracted:</i> Randomized controlled trial of <i>N</i>‐acetylcysteine versus <scp>l</scp>‐carnitine among women with clomiphene‐citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome

Sharkwy, Ibrahim A. El; Aziz, Walled M. Abd El

doi:10.1002/ijgo.12902

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Regarding LC and ALC, our results are in line with previous observations on humans and mouse model. Numerous studies report that LC supplementation counteracts metabolic and hormonal PCOS symptoms and positively affects folliculogenesis, ovulation and pregnancy rate [4,9,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29], possibly in relation to favorable influence on serum biomarkers of oxidative stress [40]. Samimi et al [10] observed that PCOS patients receiving both ALC and LC presented the reduction of body weight and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports have highlighted the presence of low serum levels of carnitines in PCOS obese and non-obese women, in association with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism [9,10,23,24]. Therefore, LC supplementation has been successfully employed in PCOS patients, who, as a consequence, showed improvements in hormonal and metabolic parameters, increased energy consumption, a reduction of lipids and body weight [4,9,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. In two different studies, LC administration has improved menstrual cycle regularity, ovulation and pregnancy rates [9,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

et al. 2020

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with female infertility. Based on energy and antioxidant regulatory functions of carnitines, we investigated whether acyl-L-carnitines improve PCOS phenotype in a mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). CD1 mice received DHEA for 20 days along with two different carnitine formulations: one containing L-carnitine (LC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), and the other one containing also propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC). We evaluated estrous cyclicity, testosterone level, ovarian follicle health, ovulation rate and oocyte quality, collagen deposition, lipid droplets, and 17ß-HSD IV (17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV) expression. Moreover, we analyzed protein expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mtTFA), RAGE (receptor for AGEs), GLO2 (glyoxalase 2) and ovarian accumulation of MG-AGEs (advanced glycation end-products formed by methylglyoxal). Both carnitine formulations ameliorated ovarian PCOS phenotype and positively modulated antioxidant molecular pathways in the ovarian microenvironment. Addition of PLC to LC-ALC formulation mitigated intraovarian MG-AGE accumulation and increased mtTFA expression. In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that oral administration of acyl-L-carnitines alleviates ovarian dysfunctions associated with this syndrome and that co-administration of PLC provides better activity. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects include anti-oxidant/glycative activity and potentiation of mitochondria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

et al. 2020

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“…We included nine trials with a total of 995 participants ( El Sharkwy & Sharaf El-Din, 2019 ; El Sharkwy & Abd El Aziz, 2019 ; Ismail et al, 2014 ; Jamilian et al, 2017 ; Jamilian et al, 2019a ; Jamilian et al, 2019b ; Kortam, Abdelrahman & Fateen, 2020 ; Samimi et al, 2016 ; Talari et al, 2019 ). All nine trials recruited women who had been diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shukri

Norhayati

Badrin

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder in reproductive age women and is characterized by hyperandrogenic anovulation and oligo-amenorrhea, which leads to infertility. Anovulation in PCOS is associated with low follicle-stimulating hormone levels and the arrest of antral follicle development in the final stages of maturation. L-carnitine (LC) plays a role in fatty acid metabolism, which is found to be lacking in PCOS patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of LC supplementation for patients with PCOS. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for all randomized control trials, comparing LC alone or in combination with other standard treatments for the treatment of PCOS from inception till June 2021. We independently screened titles and abstracts to identify available trials, and complete texts of the trials were checked for eligibility. Data on the methods, interventions, outcomes, and risk of bias from the included trials were independently extracted by the authors. The estimation of risk ratios and mean differences with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) was performed using a random-effects model. Results Nine studies with 995 participants were included in this review. Five comparison groups were involved. In one comparison group, LC reduced the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mean differences (MD) −5.10, 95% CI [−6.25 to −3.95]; P = 0.00001), serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD −25.00, 95% CI [−27.93 to −22.07]; P = 0.00001), serum total cholesterol (MD −21.00, 95% CI [−24.14 to −17.86]; P = 0.00001), and serum triglyceride (TG) (MD −9.00, 95% CI [−11.46 to −6.54]; P = 0.00001) with moderate certainty of evidence. Another comparison group demonstrated that LC lowers the LDL (MD −12.00, 95% CI [−15.80 to −8.20]; P = 0.00001), serum total cholesterol (MD −24.00, 95% CI [−27.61 to −20.39]; P = 0.00001), and serum TG (MD −19.00, 95% CI [−22.79 to −15.21]; P = 0.00001) with moderate certainty of evidence. Conclusion There was low to moderate certainty of evidence that LC improves Body Mass Index (BMI) and serum LDL, TG, and total cholesterol levels in women with PCOS.

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“…Herein Tables 1‐3, classify the effect of NAC, respectively, on excoriation, acne and features of PCODs. References 104–119 are only in tables not in text.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of N‐acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne‐related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies

Mardani

Mozafarpoor

Goodarzi

et al. 2021

Dermatologic Therapy

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Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic disorders affects people of all races and ethnicities and has many adverse effects on the quality of life. The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reduced the effectiveness of treatment with these agents. There is an increasing focus on the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acne. This study investigates the effect of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant in the treatment of acne vulgaris. This systematic review was conducted through a search in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and Medline using keywords including acne vulgaris, anti and NAC, and all the keywords associated with each of the subtitles. The factors affecting the occurrence and expansion of acne include increased sebum synthesis, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous units, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, and increased release of inflammatory mediators and ROS. Studies have shown that glutathione stimulation following the administration of NAC increases glutathione levels for the detoxification of oxygen‐free radicals. Moreover, NAC prevents the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐8, IL‐6, MP9, and IL‐1β and has shown antibacterial activities against important bacteria including E. coli, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. This medication has anti‐proliferative effects and is also used for excoriation and PCOD. The results of the present study showed the beneficial effects of using NAC in patients with acne vulgaris in terms of the disease complications and comorbidities. Given its diverse functional mechanisms, this medication can be used to treat acne and its consequences.

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Retracted: Randomized controlled trial of N‐acetylcysteine versus l‐carnitine among women with clomiphene‐citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

Regulatory Functions of L-Carnitine, Acetyl, and Propionyl L-Carnitine in a PCOS Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant/Antiglycative Molecular Pathways in the Ovarian Microenvironment

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A systematic review of N‐acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne‐related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies

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