Retracted: Syringic acid modulates molecular marker–involved cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in DMBA‐induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in Syrian hamsters

Abstract

Despite, different medicinal phyto compounds giving an inexhaustible variety of anticancer drugs, potent signalling mechanism of leads the key successes of anticancer agent, anti‐inflammatory, induction of apoptosis, and antiangiogenic. The current study was conducted to estimate the effect of syringic acid (SA) on tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways, inducing apoptosis and angiogenic signaling pathways in a hamster model by preneoplastic stages, histological, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots analysis. Hamsters were given oral cancer by painting 0.5% 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 10 weeks. The DMBA‐painted hamsters were treated with an effective dose (50 mg/kg body weight) of SA for 14 weeks. The results revealed that oral preadministration of SA to DMBA‐treated hamster oral tumorigenesis significantly increased Bcl‐2‐associated X protein, caspases‐3 and ‐9, and reduced B‐cell lymphoma protein 2 and inflammatory cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF‐α expression through NF‐κB, and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor markers. Taken together, the current study suggests that SA prevents the DMBA‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathway via abrogation of the downstream signaling molecules such as COX‐2, NF‐κB, and TNF‐α. This type of preventive strategy based on animal study will offer a means to design chemoprevention trials for humans.

Retracted: Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt, NF-κB signalling pathways with syringic acid for attenuating the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC131

“…One of the previous studies showed that SRA inhibits proliferation and apoptotic induction in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. [ 23,29,30 ] Karthik et al . [ 31 ] studied SRA‐induced apoptosis which is confirmed by nuclear morphology (PI staining assay) which showed condensed nuclei and fragmented apoptotic bodies in adenocarcinoma cells.…”

Alternative Options for Skin Cancer Therapy via Regulation of AKT and Related Signaling Pathways

“…The active compound 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid is derived from Euterpe oleracea and Rhus javanica extract, and inhibits colorectal cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma [ 46 , 47 ]. Syringic acid (0.2 and 1 mM) prevented UVB (0.2 J/cm 2 )-induced skin papilloma and tumors in SKH-1 hairless mice [ 48 ].…”

Deciphering the modulatory role of apigenin targeting oncogenic pathways in human cancers

“…Chemotherapeutic compounds that target rapidly dividing cells are commonly used in anticancer therapy. Regrettably, this technique has a severe side effect, as it affects normal, fast‐dividing cells including hair follicles and epithelial cells in the digestive system (Pandey & Khan, 2021; Periyannan et al, 2020; Thakur et al, 2020). Furthermore, one of the exacerbating factors is that many cancer cells gain resistance to traditional treatments over time.…”