<i>Review Paper</i>: Progress on efficient cathodes for organic light‐emitting diodes

Duan, Lian; Xie, Kai; Qiu, Yong

doi:10.1889/jsid19.6.453

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), with a small conduction band offset with silicon , and low work‐function materials as lithium fluoride (LiF) , magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ) , and cesium carbonate (CsCO 3 ) have been demonstrated to be efficient electron‐selective contacts for silicon solar cells. Compared with doped‐silicon‐layer‐based CSCs that involve complex deposition conditions with toxic gases and may lead to undesired optical losses , these dopant‐free CSCs, are easily deposited, potentially at low cost, by thermal evaporation, atomic layer deposition (ALD), spin‐coating, brush painting, and even printing, as widely demonstrated by organic solar cells and light‐emitting diodes . Moreover, these wide‐bandgap, dopant‐free CSCs are broadband transparent, making them more suitable as window layers for silicon solar cells than doped silicon layers, which suffer from parasitic absorption losses in the blue wavelength range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrially feasible, dopant‐free, carrier‐selective contacts for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells

Yang

Weber

Hameiri

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

162

164

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Dopant‐free, carrier‐selective contacts (CSCs) on high efficiency silicon solar cells combine ease of deposition with potential optical benefits. Electron‐selective titanium dioxide (TiO2) contacts, one of the most promising dopant‐free CSC technologies, have been successfully implemented into silicon solar cells with an efficiency over 21%. Here, we report further progress of TiO2 contacts for silicon solar cells and present an assessment of their industrial feasibility. With improved TiO2 contact quality and cell processing, a remarkable efficiency of 22.1% has been achieved using an n‐type silicon solar cell featuring a full‐area TiO2 contact. Next, we demonstrate the compatibility of TiO2 contacts with an industrial contact‐firing process, its low performance sensitivity to the wafer resistivity, its applicability to ultrathin substrates as well as its long‐term stability. Our findings underscore the great appeal of TiO2 contacts for industrial implementation with their combination of high efficiency with robust fabrication at low cost. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrially feasible, dopant‐free, carrier‐selective contacts for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells

Yang

Weber

Hameiri

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

162

164

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“…Low work function metal alloy cathodes, such as Mg:Al, 4 are susceptible to atmospheric conditions. 56 Therefore, for increased stability, cathode bilayer structures, such as MgAg/Ag 14,57 and LiF/Al, 56,58,59 have been frequently used. Numerous other studies have investigated n-type metal oxide semiconductors 60 and alkali metal containing interlayers.…”

Section: Cathode and Electron Injection Layer (Eil)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer aided design of stable and efficient OLEDs

Paterson

May

Andrienko

2020

Journal of Applied Physics

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Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) offer a unique alternative to traditional display technologies. Tailored device architecture can offer properties such as flexibility and transparency, presenting unparalleled application possibilities. Commercial advancement of OLEDs is highly anticipated, and continued research is vital for improving device efficiency and lifetime. The performance of an OLED relies on an intricate balance between stability, efficiency, operational driving voltage, and color coordinates, with the aim of optimizing these parameters by employing an appropriate material design. Multiscale simulation techniques can aid with the rational design of these materials, in order to overcome existing shortcomings. For example, extensive research has focused on the emissive layer and the obstacles surrounding blue OLEDs, in particular, the trade-off between stability and efficiency, while preserving blue emission. More generally, due to the vast number of contending organic materials and with experimental pre-screening being notoriously time-consuming, a complementary in silico approach can be considerably beneficial. The ultimate goal of simulations is the prediction of device properties from chemical composition, prior to synthesis. However, various challenges must be overcome to bring this to a realization, some of which are discussed in this Perspective. Computer aided design is becoming an essential component for future OLED developments, and with the field shifting toward machine learning based approaches, in silico pre-screening is the future of material design.

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“…The metallic cesium mechanism reveals that Cs 2 CO 3 has a superior electron injection ability regardless of the cathode metal [25]. Duan et al indicated that Cs 2 CO 3 with low evaporation temperatures would decompose and release low work function metal Cs during evaporation, enabling promising electron injection for OLEDs [26]. The enhanced electron injection is associated with a strong n-doping effects and increase of electron concentrations in the ETL induced by Cs 2 CO 3 .…”

Section: Temperature Dependent Electroluminescence (El) Of Cs 2 Co 3 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of cesium carbonate-doped electron transporting layers on organic light-emitting diodes

Forsythe

Shi

et al. 2015

Synthetic Metals

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A B S T R A C TThe temperature dependence and electronic transport properties of 1, 3, 5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo [d] imidazol-2-yl) phenyl (TPBI) and 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq) electron transporting layers (ETL) have been investigated as a function of cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) doping for organic light emitting devices. The current-voltage and light emission characteristics were measured as a function of the Cs 2 CO 3 doped ETL thickness at both room temperature and cryogenic (10-300 K). The current density (J) for the Alq:Cs 2 CO 3 ETL device increased for an ETL thickness between 100 and 300 Å, with no further increase in the ETL beyond 300 Å, indicating an electron injection limited contact. Conversely, the J for the TPBI: Cs 2 CO 3 ETL device did not saturate for increasing ETL thicknesses confirming the TPBI:Cs 2 CO 3 devices have a near-ohmic cathode contact. The correlation of current density-voltage (J-V) and luminancevoltage (L-V) for both Alq:Cs 2 CO 3 and TPBI:Cs 2 CO 3 devices were studied over temperatures from 10 to 300 K. Both increased with increasing temperature; however, Cs 2 CO 3 -doped TPBI devices were more effective than Cs 2 CO 3 -doped Alq devices. The observed differences between Alq and TPBI may be attributed to the exposed nitrogen electron pair in the electronic structure.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Review Paper: Progress on efficient cathodes for organic light‐emitting diodes

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

Industrially feasible, dopant‐free, carrier‐selective contacts for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells

Industrially feasible, dopant‐free, carrier‐selective contacts for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells

Computer aided design of stable and efficient OLEDs

Temperature dependence of cesium carbonate-doped electron transporting layers on organic light-emitting diodes

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