<i>Review / Sythèse</i>  Nonlinear acoustic applications for material characterization: A review

Zheng, Yuesheng; Maev, Roman Gr.; Solodov, Igor

doi:10.1139/p99-059

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…This is a phenomenon resulting from interaction between ultrasonic wave and concrete [9]. During the interaction of the load and material, a part of the fundamental frequency is converted to higher harmonics shown in Figure 2 where A1 is the fundamental harmonic amplitude, A2 is the second harmonic amplitude and A3 is the third harmonic amplitude.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Sensitivity of Ultrasonic Test Applied to Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Neural Network

2018

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An experiment on reinforced concrete beams using four-point bending test during an ultrasonic test was conducted. Three beam specimens were considered for each water/cement ratio (WC) of 40% and 60%, with three reinforcement schedules named design A (comprising two top bars and two bottom bars), design B (with two bottom bars), and design C (with one bottom bar). The concrete beam had a size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 400 mm in length with a plain reinforcement bar of 9 mm in diameter. An ultrasonic test with pitch-catch configuration was conducted at each loading with the transducers oriented in direct transmission across the beams' length with recordings of 68 datasets per beam specimen. Recordings of ultrasonic test results and strains at the top and bottom surfaces subjected to multiple step loads in the experiment were done. After the collection of the data, feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) was used to investigate the sensitivity of the ultrasonic parameters to the mechanical load applied. Five input parameters were examined, as follows: neutral axis (NA), fundamental harmonic amplitude (A1), second harmonic amplitude (A2), third harmonic amplitude (A3), and peak-to-peak amplitude (PPA), while the output parameter was the percentage of ultimate load. Optimum models were chosen after training, validating, and testing 60 ANN models. The optimum model was chosen on the basis of the highest Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (R) and soundness, confirming that it exhibited good behavior in agreement with theories. A classification of sensitivity was performed using simulations based on the developed optimum models. It was found that A2 and NA were sensitive to all WC and reinforcements used in the ANN simulation. In addition, the range of sensitivity of A2 and NA was inversely and directly proportional to the reinforcing bars, respectively. This study can be used as a guide in the selection of ultrasonic parameters to assess damage in concrete with low or high WC and varying reinforcement content.

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Section: Ultrasonic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Sensitivity of Ultrasonic Test Applied to Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Neural Network

2018

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“…This provides more promising results due to its sensitivity in damage and crack detection. This test considers harmonic generation which is a phenomenon resulting from interaction between concrete and ultrasonic wave (Zheng et al 1999). Nonlinear ultrasonic waves proved to be sensitively interacting with contact-type defects (Yim et al 2012).…”

Section: Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Test In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Load Pattern in the Generation of Higher Harmonic Amplitude in Concrete Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Test

Ongpeng

Oreta

Hirose

2016

ACT

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Non-destructive testing is used in monitoring health of structures. In this paper, nonlinear ultrasonic test was done to analyze the sensitivity of the fundamental and higher harmonics with the internal damage in concrete. Good sensitivity produces significant quantitative changes in the nonlinear spectral amplitude parameter corresponding to the deviation of load. In actual conditions, structures have different design strength with varying water cement ratio. In addition, it is experiencing loading and unloading. These are considered as major factors that induce effect in the behavior of ultrasonic test result in concrete. Past researches have only considered increasing application of load with single loading pattern. This study aims to investigate the effect of load application pattern in the generation of higher harmonics. Ordinary concrete specimens of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm with water-cement ratio WC40 and WC60 were casted and tested using uniaxial compression machine with two load patterns: a.) single loading pattern from 0% to 100% and, b.) multiple loading/unloading pattern. Ultrasonic test with pitch-catch configuration was conducted at each loading state to record the fundamental and higher harmonic generation in the concrete. The experimental results showed that there was a good sensitivity for 3 rd harmonic amplitude parameter D A when it was subjected to single loading pattern for both WC40 and WC60. On the other hand, good sensitivity was only observed for 2 nd harmonic amplitude parameter D A when it was subjected to multiple loading/unloading pattern for both WC40 and WC60. This showed that the 2 nd harmonic amplitude was consistent and sensitive when repeated load was applied for low and high water cement ratio.

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“…It has been proven as a useful effect in different applications, as material characterization [14,15], ultrasound imaging and echography [16], biological tissue characterization [17], and other medical ultrasound applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear self-collimated sound beams in sonic crystals

et al. 2015

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We report the propagation of high-intensity sound beams in a sonic crystal, under self-collimation or reduceddivergence conditions. The medium is a fluid with elastic quadratic nonlinearity, where the dominating nonlinear effect is harmonic generation. The conditions for the efficient generation of narrow, nondiverging beam of second harmonic are discussed. Numerical simulations are in agreement with the analytical predictions made, based on the linear dispersion characteristics in modulated media and the nonlinear interaction in a quadratic medium under phase matching conditions.

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Review / Sythèse Nonlinear acoustic applications for material characterization: A review

Cited by 81 publications

References 122 publications

Investigation on the Sensitivity of Ultrasonic Test Applied to Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Neural Network

Investigation on the Sensitivity of Ultrasonic Test Applied to Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Neural Network

Effect of Load Pattern in the Generation of Higher Harmonic Amplitude in Concrete Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Test

Nonlinear self-collimated sound beams in sonic crystals

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