<i>Rhodotorula minuta</i> as onychomycosis agent in a Chinese patient: first report and literature review

Zhou, Jie; Chen, Min; Chen, Hong‐Duo; Pan, Weihua; Liao, Wanqing

doi:10.1111/myc.12143

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One other case reported in the literature is nail psoriasis, masqueraded by secondary infection with R. mucilaginosa [ 25 ]. In these three cases, the patients were immunocompetent, as in the current case [ 11 , 12 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Steroid administration and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics are also risk factors [ 15 ]. The cases of Rhodotorula infection reported in literature included fungemia, meningitis, endocarditis, skin lesions, eye infections, onychomycosis, and peritonitis [ 11 , 12 , 17 , 23 ]. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was the most common species of Rhodotorula fungemia, followed by Rhodotorula glutinis [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were reported as a factor of onychomycosis in two cases. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and R. minuta were found as the causative agent in those cases [ 11 , 12 ]. One other case reported in the literature is nail psoriasis, masqueraded by secondary infection with R. mucilaginosa [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, resistance to fluconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin was observed [ 21 , 26 , 28 ]. The mechanism of resistance to fluconazole is uncertain, but reported higher MIC values may indicate intrinsic resistance [ 12 ]. In the current case, according to the results of antifungal susceptibility tests, the MIC value for fluconazole was 128 μ g/mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are uncommon among the agents of onychomycosis in the literature. To date two cases have been reported as the causative agents of onychomycosis ( R. minuta and R. mucilaginosa ) [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Case of Onychomycosis Caused byRhodotorula glutinis

Altun

Meral

Arıbaş

et al. 2014

Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine

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Rhodotorula spp. have emerged as opportunistic pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The current study reports a case of onychomycosis caused by Rhodotorula glutinis in a 74-year-old immunocompetent female. The causative agent was identified as R. glutinis based on the pinkish-orange color; mucoid-appearing yeast colonies on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at 25°C; morphological evaluation in the Corn Meal-Tween 80 agar; observed oval/round budding yeast at 25°C for 72 hours; no observed pseudohyphae; positive urease activity at 25°C for 4 days; and assimilation features detected by API ID 32C kit and automated Vitek Yeast Biochemical Card 2 system. Antifungal susceptibility test results were as follows: amphotericin B (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL), fluconazole (MIC = 128 µg/mL), itraconazole (MIC = 0.125 µg/mL), voriconazole (MIC = 1 µg/mL), posaconazole (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL), anidulafungin (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL), and caspofungin (MIC = 16 µg/mL). Antifungal therapy was initiated with oral itraconazole at a dose of 400 mg/day; seven-day pulse therapy was planned at intervals of three weeks. Clinical recovery was observed in the clinical evaluation of the patient before the start of the third cure. Although R. glutinis has rarely been reported as the causative agent of onychomycosis, it should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Case of Onychomycosis Caused byRhodotorula glutinis

Altun

Meral

Arıbaş

et al. 2014

Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine

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Infektionen an Finger- und Zehennägeln durch Pilze und Bakterien

Nenoff¹,

Paasch

Handrïck³

2014

Hautarzt

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Infections of the finger and the toe nails are most frequently caused by fungi, primarily dermatophytes. Causative agents of tinea unguium are mostly anthropophilic dermatophytes. Both in Germany, and worldwide, Trichophyton rubrum represents the main important causative agent of onychomycoses. Yeasts are isolated from fungal nail infections, both paronychia and onychomycosis far more often than generally expected. This can represent either saprophytic colonization as well as acute or chronic infection of the nail organ. The main yeasts causing nail infections are Candida parapsilosis, and Candida guilliermondii; Candida albicans is only in third place. Onychomycosis due to molds, or so called non-dermatophyte molds (NDM), are being increasingly detected. Molds as cause of an onychomycosis are considered as emerging pathogens. Fusarium species are the most common cause of NDM onychomycosis; however, rare molds like Onychocola canadensis may be found. Bacterial infections of the nails are caused by gram negative bacteria, usually Pseudomonas aeruginosa (recognizable because of green or black coloration of the nails) but also Klebsiella spp. and gram positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment of onychomycosis includes application of topical antifungal agents (amorolfine, ciclopirox). If more than 50 % of the nail plate is affected or if more than three out of ten nails are affected by the fungal infection, oral treatment using terbinafine (in case of dermatophyte infection), fluconazole (for yeast infections), or alternatively itraconazole are recommended. Bacterial infections are treated topically with antiseptic agents (octenidine), and in some cases with topical antibiotics (nadifloxacin, gentamicin). Pseudomonas infections of the nail organ are treated by ciprofloxacin; other bacteria are treated according to the results of culture and sensitivity testing.

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Two yeast species Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. and Cystobasidium rietchieii f.a. sp. nov. isolated from natural environments, and the transfer of Rhodotorula minuta clade members to the genus Cystobasidium

Yurkov

Качалкин

Daniel

et al. 2014

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Many species of dimorphic basidiomycetes are known only in their asexual phase and typically those pigmented in different hues of red have been classified in the large polyphyletic genus Rhodotorula. These yeasts are ubiquitous and include a few species of some clinical relevance. The phylogenetic distribution of Rhodotorula spans three classes: Microbotryomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes. Here, the presented multi-gene analyses resolved phylogenetic relationships between the second largest group of Rhodotorula and the mycoparasite Cystobasidium fimetarium (Cystobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes, Pucciniomycotina). Based on the results, we propose the transfer of nine species belonging to the Rhodotorula minuta clade into the genus Cystobasidium. As a result, the clinically relevant species R. minuta will be renamed Cystobasidium minutum. This proposal follows ongoing reassessments of the anamorphic genus Rhodotorula reducing the polyphyly of this genus. The delimitation of the R. minuta clade from Rhodotorula species comprised in Sporidiobolales including the type species Rhodotorula glutinis is an important step to overcome obsolete generic placements of asexual basidiomycetous yeasts. Our proposal will also help to distinguish most common red yeasts from clinical samples such as members of Sporidiobolales and Cystobasidiales. The diagnosis of the genus Cystobasidium is amended by including additional characteristics known for the related group of species. The taxonomic change enables us to classify two novel species with the phylogenetically related members of the R. minuta clade in Cystobasidium. The recently from natural environments isolated species are described here as Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. (K-833(T) = KBP 3881(T) = VKPM Y-3653(T) = CBS 11769(T) = MUCL 52875(T) = DSM 27713(T)) and Cystobasidium rietchiei f.a. sp. nov. (K-780(T) = KBP 4220(T) = VKPM Y-3658(T) = CBS 12324(T) = MUCL 53589(T) = DSM 27155(T)). The new species were registered in MycoBank under MB 809336 and MB 809337, respectively.

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Rhodotorula minuta as onychomycosis agent in a Chinese patient: first report and literature review

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

A Case of Onychomycosis Caused byRhodotorula glutinis

A Case of Onychomycosis Caused byRhodotorula glutinis

Infektionen an Finger- und Zehennägeln durch Pilze und Bakterien

Two yeast species Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. and Cystobasidium rietchieii f.a. sp. nov. isolated from natural environments, and the transfer of Rhodotorula minuta clade members to the genus Cystobasidium

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