“…Rickettsia monacensis was detected in I. ricinus ticks in Spain, Portugal, Italy (including Sardinia), Turkey, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Germany (including Greifswalder Oie Island), Sweden, Slovakia, Albania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, northwestern Russia (Kaliningrad), Belarus, and Poland (208,280,283,289,(297)(298)(299)(300)(301). The prevalence of R. monacensis in ticks varied between 1% in Germany, 15% in Serbia, 35% Turkey, and 57% in Italy (299,302).…”